基于城乡统筹视角的乡村旅游可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 01:16

本文关键词： 城乡统筹乡村旅游互映关系可持续发展路径　出处：《青岛大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年,乡村旅游已成为国内一种新兴的旅游发展模式,得以快速发展。因其与乡村紧密的关联性,以及良好的经济、社会与生态功能,乡村旅游被广泛地认为可以成为拯救中国日益凋敝乡村的一种重要内生力量,特别是在促进传统乡村变革与发展,缩小城乡差距等方面被寄予了更多的期冀。因而乡村旅游可持续发展成为关注的热点,而乡村旅游可持续发展必须落实到与之紧密关联的具体的乡村地域空间中,分析与解决影响其可持续发展的当前乡村存在的一些主要问题,如“三农问题”、新型城镇化发展等问题,以起到良好的践行效果,促进乡村的可持续发展,进而为乡村旅游本身塑造一个可持续发展的空间与环境。而这些问题的研究与解决需要跨越单纯的旅游研究范畴,以获取相关领域的理论整合与支撑,城乡统筹则为乡村旅游可持续发展提供了一种全新的研究视角与发展契机。城乡统筹思想的提出是基于我国日渐拉大的城乡差距现状,出于发展公平的需要而提出的一种城乡协调发展思想,其统筹的目标重在乡村,即通过以城带乡,以工促农来推进乡村的快速发展,达到缩小城乡差距、城乡协调发展的目标。传统的城乡统筹力量主要以城镇化与工业化等外力为主,在促进乡村发展的同时,给乡村带来了巨大的伤害,如生态退化、环境污染、传统文化遗失、村落空心化加剧等问题,并不能从根本上解决乡村问题。因而城乡统筹除了需要工业化与城镇化等外部力量对乡村施加正的影响外,更需要来自乡村内部的力量以刺激乡村经济的复苏与文化的觉醒,但传统粗放式的内生力量农业又不足以改变乡村的现状,而以“农”为本的乡村旅游可为乡村发展提供一种新的内生动力,促进乡村的全面发展。因而乡村旅游与城乡统筹在发展目标上存在着一致性,乡村旅游可作为城乡统筹体系中的一种力量存在。通过对城乡统筹与乡村旅游互映关系的分析可知,城乡统筹为乡村旅游的实践提供了必要的政策、法理以及资金的支持,为乡村旅游跨越单纯的旅游范畴,解决其发展中的瓶颈问题提供了新的理论支撑与研究视角,进而可实现乡村旅游的升级发展。而乡村旅游为城乡统筹提供了新的着力点,其一在于可有效地解决“三农问题”:①为乡村居民提供了更多的就业机会;②乡村居民通过直接或间接地参与旅游经营与管理增加了收益;③通过乡村旅游与三次产业的融合发展推动传统农业的结构调整,促进传统低效农业向规模化、产业化的高效生态农业转变,而规模化的高效农业又为乡村旅游发展提供了新的资源吸引物;④乡村旅游对乡村经济、社会与环境良好的示范作用进一步带动了新农村的建设。第二个着力点在于,随着乡村旅游的升级发展,加剧了乡村旅游各要素的空间集聚,催生了旅游小城镇的快速发展。旅游小城镇是乡村旅游发展的重要载体,不仅为乡村游客提供相对集中且高效的服务,也能有效地解决当地的民生问题,提高当地乡村居民的公共服务水准。更为重要的是乡村旅游为我国小城镇发展提供了新的模式,这种模式由于在发展中格外关注乡村环境保护与生态建设,而区别于过度追逐经济利益、忽视生态环境的传统城镇化发展模式,并为之提供了一个反思的视角。因而旅游小城镇符合我国新型城镇化发展的要求,将成为传统工业为主导的城镇化发展模式的一种替代与新型城镇化的一种选择。因此,城乡统筹为乡村旅游的可持续发展提供了更为广阔的发展空间与理论支撑,乡村旅游也可作为一支重要的统筹力量,丰富了城乡统筹理论。但由于我国乡村旅游处于发展的初级阶段,在其可持续发展进程中依然存在大量的问题,影响着城乡统筹的深度与效果。通过对案例的深度分析可知,目前影响我国乡村旅游可持续发展的主要因素是对乡村旅游的认知不足、社区参与失败、土地流转的法律障碍以及乡村旅游的产业化发育不足等问题,并以城乡统筹的视角对乡村旅游发展进行反思,认为欲保障乡村旅游可持续发展,应建立乡村旅游可持续发展指标体系,并需明确可持续发展中的几个核心问题,即乡村旅游的本源主体应是乡村居民,乡村旅游的核心吸引物是乡村性及其决定的乡村意象,而乡村旅游可持续发展的本质则是乡村的可持续发展。据此,提出未来我国乡村旅游可持续发展的路径在于:①城乡统筹规划。注重统筹规划中的乡村规划,并为乡村旅游预留发展空间;②乡村旅游规划。注重规划对旅游发展的引领作用,突出人文关怀规划理念与地方特色,尊重乡村社区居民关于旅游开发的意见;③社区参与及保障。凸显乡村社区居民的主体地位,通过社区增权、乡村资源资本化等途径保障社区居民全过程的旅游参与权与旅游收益权;④政府主导、规制与角色渐变。通过自我规制,政府的角色应由现阶段的主导型向推动型转变,回归政府本位,以更好地为乡村旅游发展提供公共产品、政策、资金及技术支持等服务;⑤乡村旅游驱动下的产业融合。通过乡村旅游产业升级,促进其与乡村三次产业的融合,以放大乡村旅游的综合功效;⑥土地流转。乡村旅游产业升级的必由之路,通过合理的土地流转及配套制度建设为乡村旅游产业发展提供必要的用地保障。随着社会的进步与发展,乡村旅游必将成为国内城市居民一种常态型的休闲方式,这符合我国旅游发展的趋向,即由传统观光旅游向深度休闲旅游渐变。未来乡村旅游的发展不应仅仅局限于项目规划与建设,应与传统村落的保护、新农村的建设发展融为一体,由单纯的项目建设向大的基质环境优化转变,即通过乡村旅游促进乡村基质环境的美化,使整个乡村环境成为一种重要的乡村旅游休闲吸引物;其次,由乡村景区建设向社区建设转变,以突出乡村社区主导地位,将社区建设成为具有特色的开放式的大景区;另外,在乡村旅游发展中,旅游小城镇将成为乡村旅游发展的重要载体与方向,以体现规模效应与集聚效应,使旅游小城镇成为带动乡村经济全面发展的重要地域综合体。如此,实现乡村旅游与乡村建设的融合发展,真正实现美丽乡村之梦想,反之,美丽乡村方能为乡村旅游提供永恒的吸引环境。
[Abstract]:In recent years, rural tourism has become an emerging country tourism development model, developing rapidly. Because of its close relationship with the country, as well as good economic, social and ecological function, rural tourism is widely believed to save country can become an important China increasingly depressed inner strength, especially in the promotion of traditional the rural reform and development, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas has been placed more hope. So the sustainable development of rural tourism has become the focus of attention, and the sustainable development of rural tourism must be implemented to closely associated with the specific space in rural areas, analyzes some main problems existing in the current rural settlement and influence its sustainable development. Such as the "three rural issues", the problem of the development of new urbanization, to play a good practice effect, promote the sustainable development of the country, and for the Rural Tourism plastic Create a space for sustainable development and the environment. These problems need to study and solve the category of tourism research across the integration theory to obtain related fields and support, provides a new perspective of research and development of urban and rural areas is an opportunity for the sustainable development of rural tourism. The urban and rural areas thought is the gap between urban and rural areas the status quo of China's widening based on a need for the development of urban and rural fair and the coordinated development of the overall ideas, objectives focus on village, through the village to the city, the rapid development of industry promoting agriculture to promote rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, coordinated development between urban and rural areas. Urban and rural power of traditional the main force of urbanization and industrialization etc., in promoting rural development, has brought great harm to the country, such as environmental pollution, ecological degradation, traditional culture is lost, the village lost The intensification of heart problems, and can not solve the rural problems fundamentally. So in addition to the urban and rural industrialization and urbanization and other external forces exerted a positive influence on the country, need more from rural internal forces to stimulate rural economic recovery and the awakening of culture, but the status of the traditional extensive agriculture and endogenous forces not enough to change the country, and to "agricultural" for the rural tourism can provide a new impetus for rural development, promoting all-round development of the country. So the consistency exists in rural tourism and urban and rural development goals, rural tourism can exist as a force of urban and rural system. Through the analysis of the urban and rural areas and rural tourism mutual promotion relationship that provides the necessary policy of urban and rural areas for the practice of rural tourism, legal and financial support for rural tourism across the pure The travel category, provide theoretical support and a new perspective to solve the bottleneck problem in its development, realize the upgrading of rural tourism development. Provide a new focus for rural tourism, urban and rural areas, one is that can effectively solve the "three rural issues": to provide more employment opportunities for the village the residents; rural residents by directly or indirectly involved in the tourism management and management to increase the profit; through the integration of rural tourism and the three industry structure adjustment and promoting the development of traditional agriculture, promote the traditional inefficient agricultural scale, efficient ecological agriculture industrialization, and the efficiency of large-scale agriculture and rural tourism provides a new resource attraction; the rural tourism on the rural economy, society and environment good exemplary role to further promote the construction of new rural areas. The second focus, with the country The upgrade of tourism development, exacerbated by the elements of rural tourism spatial agglomeration, gave birth to the rapid development of tourist towns. Tourism small town is an important carrier of rural tourism development, not only provide a relatively centralized and efficient service for rural tourists, but also can effectively solve the livelihood problems of local rural residents, improve the local public service standard. What is more important is to provide a new mode of rural tourism for the development of small towns in our country, because of this model in the development of special attention to rural environmental protection and ecological construction, which is different from the excessive pursuit of economic interests, ignoring the ecological environment development mode of traditional towns, and provides a perspective for the reflection the small town tourism. So with the development of China's new urbanization, will become the traditional industry as a selection of an alternative to the dominant patterns of urbanization and new urbanization Optional. Therefore, urban and rural areas for the sustainable development of rural tourism provides a broader space for development and theoretical support, rural tourism can also be used as an important coordinating power, enrich the theory of urban and rural areas. But because of China's rural tourism in the primary stage of development, there are still lots of problems in the process of sustainable development that affects the depth and the effect of urban and rural areas. Through the case depth analysis, the major factors influencing the sustainable development of rural tourism in our country is lack of community participation in rural tourism cognition, failure, legal barriers of land circulation and rural tourism industry development is insufficient, and the urban and rural perspective reflection on the development of rural tourism, that in order to ensure the sustainable development of rural tourism, should establish the index system of the sustainable development of rural tourism and sustainable development clearly Several key problems in development, namely the origin of the main body of rural tourism should be the core of rural residents, rural tourism attraction is rural and rural image decision, and the essence of the sustainable development of rural tourism is the sustainable development of rural areas. Accordingly, put forward the future path of China's rural tourism sustainable development in the overall planning the urban and rural areas. Pay attention to the overall planning of rural planning, and set aside space for the development of rural tourism; the rural tourism planning. Pay attention to the leading role of planning of tourism development, highlighting humanistic care planning concept and local characteristics, respect the views of community residents on rural tourism development; community participation and protection of rural community residents. The main highlights the status, empowerment through community, rights and usufruct in rural tourism tourism resource capitalization approach to guarantee the whole process of community residents; the government's guiding, regulation and The role of gradient through self regulation, the role of the government should be the leading pattern to promote the transformation, the return of the government standard, in order to provide public products, rural tourism development policy, funding and technical support services; the rural tourism driven industrial integration. By upgrading the rural tourism industry, and promote the integration of the rural three industry, with the comprehensive efficiency of amplification of rural tourism; the land circulation of rural tourism industrial upgrading. The only way which must be passed through the land, and reasonable construction of supporting system for protection necessary for rural tourism industry development. With the development of society, rural tourism will become the domestic city residents as a normal type the way of leisure, which is consistent with the trend of tourism development in our country, from the traditional sightseeing tourism to leisure tourism depth gradient. The future development of rural tourism should not be confined to In the project planning and construction, protection of traditional villages and the development of new rural construction, integration, transformation from a simple project to optimize the matrix environment, through the promotion of rural tourism rural matrix beautify the environment, the rural environment has become one of the most important rural leisure tourism attraction; secondly, change from the countryside the construction of scenic spots to the community construction, in order to highlight the dominant position of the rural community, community building will become open with the characteristics of the major scenic spots; in addition, the development of rural tourism, tourist towns will become an important carrier and direction of rural tourism development, to reflect the scale and agglomeration effects, which will become an important tourism town regional integration of comprehensive development of the rural economy. So, realize the integration of rural tourism and rural development, realize the dream, the beautiful countryside and beautiful countryside can be, Rural tourism provides an everlasting attraction.

【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F592;F320

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