改革开放以来中国征地冲突的演变及其协调研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 19:37

本文选题：马克思主义理论 + 农村土地　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着城镇化进程的加速推进,由于征收农村集体土地所引起的冲突事件频繁发生,已严重影响了农村社会秩序的稳定与经济的正常发展,农村征地冲突问题已成为构建社会主义和谐社会的一个巨大阻力。鉴于此,从建设和谐社会的角度协调和化解当前中国征地冲突问题迫在眉睫。近年来,随着征地冲突事件的愈演愈烈,社会各界关于征地制度改革的呼声也越来越强烈,其中关于提高征地补偿标准和建立失地农民的长效保障机制成为政府和专家学者共同关心和思考的问题。继2014年中央一号文件提出加快推进征地制度改革之后,2015年的中央一号文件再次提出审慎稳妥推进农村土地制度改革,将建立兼顾国家、集体、个人的土地增值收益分配机制和完善对被征地农民合理、规范、多元化保障机制作为农村土地制度改革的重点工作。基于以上背景,本文以马克思主义理论为研究视角,通过梳理马克思主义经典作家和西方学者关于征地冲突的相关理论,重点剖析了改革开放以来中国征地冲突演变的内在逻辑,并选取当前中国颇具代表性的征地冲突事件为案例进行分析,总结了中国征地冲突的诱发机理,从而提出建构中国征地冲突的协调机制,对于防控和解决中国征地冲突问题具有一定的理论和现实意义。论文第一章是绪论部分,论述了本课题的研究背景与意义、国内外文献综述、研究思路及研究方法、创新点及不足之处,为课题研究的全面展开做好充分准备。第二章是理论基础,主要介绍了与征地相关的核心概念以及相关特征。通过对征地与征地冲突的概念进行界定,提出了征地冲突的利益相关者及其之间的矛盾关系。第三章是理论溯源,本章重点梳理了马克思主义经典作家关于征地冲突的理论,作为本文进行研究的理论依据。其中包括:马克思恩格斯的社会冲突理论与地租理论、列宁的土地国有化思想、毛泽东有关土地产权关系的思想、中国特色征地冲突相关理论。另外,本章还阐述了西方学者关于征地冲突的代表性理论,以期借鉴其中合理部分,为构建当前征地冲突协调机制提供参考。第四章剖析了改革开放以来中国征地冲突演变的内在逻辑。本章将改革开放以来中国征地冲突发展演变过程主要划定为三个阶段,分别是征地冲突初显、升级、复杂化三个时期。征地冲突的初显和升级主要是由于征地制度设计之初的不合理以及征地过程操作不规范所引起,当前征地冲突日趋复杂化,具体表现为经济利益冲突、权利利益冲突和文化观念冲突错综复杂,征地冲突方式的暴力性倾向严重、征地冲突的社会主体更加细化。第五章选取了近年来规模较大、暴力性特征明显且社会影响恶劣,因此颇具代表性的几起征地冲突事件作为案例,分别为广东陆丰的乌坎征地冲突事件、云南晋宁征地冲突事件以及甘肃陇西征地冲突事件,并具体评析了这些冲突事件背后的缘由与共同特点。第六章在第五章案例分析的基础上,从四个方面阐述了中国征地冲突演变的诱发机理。第一,从农村土地产权制度的不完善角度具体指出了土地产权划分不完整、农村征地立法工作存在缺陷、征地补偿制度不完善;第二,从征地制度的发展与市场经济的不适应角度指出了征地补偿费用依然偏低、农村土地价格不断攀升、失地农民社会保障缺失;第三,从地方政府管理者的利益驱动与整合不力角度指出了地方政府征地程序缺失、农村村委会组织管理失范、地方政府征地过程缺乏监督、各级政府的整合能力不高;第四,从农民自身因素方面提出了失地农民维权行为失当、失地农民能力发展受限、农民的社会地位处于劣势;第七章提出建构中国征地冲突的协调机制。通过第六章对征地冲突演变的诱发机理的分析,本章相应提出了建构征地冲突的法律制度协调机制、社会经济协调机制、政府行政协调机制以及风险防控机制。在建构法律制度协调机制上提出建立完善的征地法律体系、健全农村土地征地补偿制度、强化农村土地征收监督机制;在建构社会经济协调机制上提出提高征地补偿标准、构建征地收益分配机制、建立就业培训和扶持机制;在建构政府行政协调机制上提出严格地方政府的征地程序、规范村委会的组织管理职能、整合各级政府的征地职能;在构建风险防控机制上提出加强应对冲突的预警功能、构建征地冲突的预警体系和建立征地项目负责制的措施,旨在以此作为预防和治理征地冲突的手段。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the frequent occurrence of conflicts caused by the collection of rural collective land has seriously affected the stability of the rural social order and the normal development of the economy. The conflict of rural land expropriation has become a huge resistance to the construction of a socialist harmonious society. It is urgent to coordinate and resolve the problem of land expropriation conflict in China. In recent years, with the intensifying of the land expropriation conflict, the voice of the reform of the land requisition system is becoming more and more intense. Among them, the government and experts and scholars have concerned and thought about improving the standard of land requisition compensation and establishing the long-term guarantee mechanism of the landless peasants. After the central No. 1 document of 2014 proposed to accelerate the reform of the land expropriation system, the central No. 1 document of 2015 put forward a prudent and steady advance in the reform of the rural land system, which will set up the distribution mechanism of the land value added benefits of the country, the collective and the individual, and perfect the rational, standardized and diversified guarantee machine for the land expropriated farmers. For the key work of the reform of rural land system, based on the above background, this paper, taking Marx's theory as the research perspective, analyzes the internal logic of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China since the reform and opening up, and selects the current China as a substitute for the evolution of land expropriation conflict since the reform and opening up. This paper analyses the case of land expropriation conflict, summarizes the inducing mechanism of the land expropriation conflict in China, and puts forward a coordination mechanism for the construction of land expropriation conflict in China. It has some theoretical and practical significance to prevent and solve the problem of land expropriation conflict in China. The first chapter of the paper is the ready part, and discusses the background and significance of the research. In the second chapter, the second chapter is the theoretical basis, mainly introduces the core concepts and related features related to land expropriation, and defines the concept of the conflict between land expropriation and land expropriation, and puts forward the interests of the land expropriation conflict. The third chapter is the theoretical origin of the theory. This chapter focuses on the theory of Marx's classical writers on the land expropriation conflict, which is the theoretical basis for the study. It includes the theory of Marx Engels's social conflict and the land rent theory, Lenin's land nationalization thought, Mao Zedong about the real estate. In addition, this chapter also expounds the representative theory of the western scholars on land expropriation conflict in order to provide reference for the construction of the current land expropriation conflict coordination mechanism. The fourth chapter analyzes the internal logic of the reform and opening to the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China. Since the reform and opening up, the process of the development and evolution of the land expropriation conflict in China has been mainly divided into three stages, namely, the initial display, the upgrading and the complexity of the land expropriation conflict in three periods. The initial display and upgrading of the land expropriation conflict are mainly caused by the unreasonable design at the beginning of the land expropriation system and the unstandard operation of the land expropriation process, and the current conflict of land expropriation is becoming more and more complex, The specific performance is the conflict of economic interests, the conflict of rights and the conflict of cultural concepts, the violent tendency of the way of land expropriation and the more detailed social subject of the land expropriation conflict. The fifth chapter selects several representative conflicts of land expropriation because of the larger scale, the obvious violent character and the bad social influence in recent years. As a case, they are the clash of land expropriation and land expropriation in Lufeng, Guangdong, Jinning land expropriation conflict in Yunnan and Longxi land expropriation conflict in Gansu, and detailed analysis of the causes and common characteristics behind these conflicts. The sixth chapter expounds the lure of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in four aspects on the basis of the case analysis of the fifth chapter. First, from the imperfect angle of rural land property right, it points out that the division of land property is incomplete, the legislation of rural land expropriation is defective and the compensation system of land expropriation is not perfect; second, it is pointed out that the cost of land requisition compensation is still low from the angle of the development of the land expropriation system and the market economy, and the price of rural land is constant. Rising, the social security of the landless peasants is missing. Third, from the angle of interest driven and integration of local government managers, the lack of local government land requisition procedures, the anomie of village committee organization and management, the lack of supervision in the process of local government land expropriation, the low integration ability of governments at all levels, and fourth, from the farmers' own factors have been put forward. In the seventh chapter, the mechanism of constructing the conflict of land expropriation conflicts is analyzed. In this chapter, the legal system for the construction of land expropriation conflicts and the social and economic coordination mechanism are put forward in this chapter. The government administrative coordination mechanism and the risk prevention and control mechanism put forward a perfect legal system of land expropriation, perfect compensation system for land expropriation in rural areas, strengthen the supervision mechanism of land expropriation in rural areas, raise the compensation standard for land expropriation and construct the distribution mechanism of land expropriation income in the construction of social and economic coordination mechanism. Establish the employment training and support mechanism, put forward the land requisition procedure of strict local government, standardize the organization and management function of the village committee, integrate the land requisition function of the government at all levels, and put forward the early warning power of strengthening the conflict prevention in the construction of the risk prevention and control mechanism, and build the early-warning system of the land expropriation conflict and the establishment of the land expropriation. The project responsibility system is designed as a means to prevent and control land expropriation conflicts.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F301.2

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