服务于生态环境友好目标的北京市平原区农用地布局研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 23:24

  本文关键词：服务于生态环境友好目标的北京市平原区农用地布局研究　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 农用地 时空特征 布局 生态系统服务价值 北京市平原区

【摘要】：本文在农业区位论与可持续发展观相关理论指导下,选取北京市平原区作为研究区域,利用卫星影像解译了2004、2011、2014三期土地利用类型,分析农用地时空特征及其演变机理,结合北京市自然资源禀赋和面临的生态环境问题,分析当前大都市区城市绿化思路在经济及政策方砸的局限性,结合北京市各类空间规划,探讨符合北京当前农业功能定位下的农用地布局方案,建立北京市农用地生态系统服务价值评估体系,对比所提出的农用地空间布局方案前后农用地生态系统服务价值变化,该研究成果为实现北京城市可持续发展、耕地合理利用与保护提供科学支撑。研究主要结论如下：①北京市平原区土地利用变化显著,农用地圈层结构显著。2004至2014年间,北京平原区土地利用变化总体趋势是：大量耕地转为建设用地与林地。农用地内部结构的变化特征为：粮田逐步转为林地与设施菜地；并且该变化空间分异明显,即距离中心城市最近与最远区域,主要是粮田转为林地,近、远郊之间的过渡区域粮田转为林地同时还转为设施菜地与露天菜地；究其原因：耕地流失在于建设扩张与城市绿化；粮田转变为菜地出于农民响应市场蔬菜需求而进行农业产业结构升级。北京平原区农用地圈层结构显著。紧挨着主城区是林地圈层而并非菜地,由主城区向远郊延伸,则依次为菜地—粮田—林地混合圈,再到林—粮组合圈；并且十年间,紧邻主城区的林地圈层愈发连片并具规模。林地取代菜地并连片分布在紧邻主城区的近郊区,是政府为改善生态环境推动绿化工程的结果。但是就耕地而言,2004至2014年北京平原依旧保持近郊种菜、远郊种粮的空间格局,还是符合杜能农业区位论所描绘的圈层结构,这是城区扩张使得农户根据农业区位变化适时调整种植结构的结果。②北京农用地布局与利用应充分发挥农田生态系统服务功能。水资源短缺、热岛效应、空气污染、绿色空间不足等生态问题成为城市可持续发展新的制约因素。北京平原区农地利用应充分考虑其生态系统服务功能。基于建设“宜居城市”目标,提出北京平原区“三圈+一带”农用地空间布局,即：城市花园农业圈、生态休闲农业圈、集约高效农业圈与生态休闲农业带。针对各农业圈(带)现存农用地问题,提出城市美化型、绿化生态型、绿色安全型、生态休闲型与集约高效型等五大调整模式,从种植业结构、农田基础设施建设、土壤改良方面制定农用地建设内容,并安排优化布局时序。对比分析农用地现状与空间布局前后的景观格局变化,发现农用地景观格局由破碎、离散态向聚集度更好、连通性更强转变；空间上近郊景观格局优化程度较远郊显著,所提出的农用地布局方案有利于构建符合大都市需求的良好生态景观。③农用地布局调整后生态系统服务功能价值更高。结合北京市平原区生态环境特点及数据可靠性和可获取性,构建了包括生产有机质、气体调节、气候调节、营养物质循环、净化环境、涵养水源、生物多样性维持以及景观休闲等8项指标的生态系统服务价值评估体系,确定生态系统服务价值估算模型。据此定量估算的2014年北京平原区生态系统服务总价值构成中各单项指标贡献大小排序是：有机质生产价值景观休闲价值气体调节价值营养物质循环价值生物多样性价值涵养水源价值气候调节价值净化环境价值；林地与粮田已成为区域生态系统服务功能贡献最大的农用地类型：而且生态系统服务价值空间分布具有由城区向远郊递增的特征。在北京平原区中以建设用地分布为主的生态服务低值区还出现了环状、射线状生态服务高值区,这是绿化带沿道路、流域分布较集中的结果。对比现状与农用地布局调整后生态系统服务总价值变化,所提出的农用地布局方案可以实现区域生态系统服务总价值提升,这符合当前农用地在北京市建设“宜居城市”目标下农业功能定位,对缓解区域生态环境问题有一定帮助。④以“百万亩平原造林”工程为例分析北京城市绿化工程经济与政策可行性发现：大规模造林工程是以北京市强大的财政支撑实现的,给政府财政带来巨大压力,而耕地造林所新增财政支出却远高于造林后生态系统服务功能所提升的价值。由于现今北京平原几乎没有“未利用地”空间可供造林,平原造林主要是占用耕地,突破了国家给予北京市的基本农田与耕地保护责任。从耕地造林绿化工程的生态系统服务价值变化、经济可行性及其与国家耕地保护政策关系等角度综合分析,认为大都市区绿化和生态服务还是应充分发挥农田的生态功能,以实现大都市区耕地保护与生态建设的双赢。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of agricultural location theory and the viewpoint of sustainable development under the guidance of selecting Beijing city plain area as the study area, using satellite image interpretation of the 2004, 2011, 2014 and three periods of land use types, temporal and spatial characteristics of agricultural land and its evolution mechanism, combined with the Beijing natural resources and the ecological and environmental problems facing the analysis of the current. Metropolitan city greening ideas in the limitations of economic and policy side hit, combined with various types of space planning of Beijing City, of agricultural land layout scheme of Beijing current agricultural function, establish the value of farmland ecosystem service evaluation system of Beijing City, agricultural land space layout scheme comparison proposed before and after land ecosystem service value change, the research results provide scientific support for the realization of sustainable development of Beijing City, land utilization and protection. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the land use change of the plain area of Beijing is remarkable, and the circle structure of agricultural land is remarkable. From 2004 to 2014, the general trend of land use change in Beijing plain is that a large number of cultivated land is converted to construction land and woodland. Variation characteristics of internal structure of agricultural land for grain gradually into the forest and vegetable field; and the change of spatial differentiation is obvious, which is from the center of the city and the most recent far area, mainly is the conversion of cropland to forest, cropland transition region between near and far suburbs to forest also to greenhouse and open field vegetable; the reason is that: the loss of arable land expansion and construction of city greening; cropland into vegetable farmers for vegetables in response to the market demand and upgrading of the industrial structure of agriculture. The land layer structure of agricultural land in Beijing plain is remarkable. Close to the urban area is woodland circle instead of vegetable, extending from the city to the suburbs, in order of vegetable - grain mixed forest circle, to the forest - grains circle; and ten years, close to the main city and largest contiguous forest circle increasingly. It is the result of the government to promote the green project in order to improve the ecological environment. But in terms of cultivated land from 2004 to 2014 in Beijing plain still maintain the spatial pattern of suburban suburban vegetables, grain producers, or with the Thunen circle structure depicted agricultural location theory, the urban expansion makes farmers adjust planting structure according to the results of the agricultural location changes. The layout and utilization of agricultural land in Beijing should give full play to the service function of farmland ecosystem. The shortage of water resources, the effect of heat island, air pollution, and the lack of green space become the new restrictive factors for the sustainable development of the city. The agricultural land use in Beijing plain should take full consideration of its ecosystem service function. Based on the goal of "livable city", the spatial layout of agricultural land in the "three circles + area" in Beijing plain area is put forward: Urban Garden agriculture circle, ecological leisure agriculture circle, intensive high efficiency agriculture circle and ecological leisure agriculture belt. According to the agricultural cycle (with) the existing problems of agricultural land, city beautification, greening, green ecological safety, ecological leisure and intensive high five adjustment mode, develop the content of construction of agricultural land from structure, planting farmland infrastructure construction, soil improvement, and arrange the layout optimization of timing. Comparative analysis of landscape pattern changes before and after the current situation and spatial layout of agricultural land, agricultural land landscape pattern found by broken, discrete state to aggregation, change better connectivity more space; suburban landscape pattern optimization is significant suburban agricultural land, the layout scheme proposed is conducive to building a good ecological landscape meets the demand of metropolis. After the adjustment of agricultural land distribution, the service function of the ecosystem is more valuable. Beijing city with plain ecological environment characteristics and data reliability and availability, including the construction of evaluation system for the production of organic matter, gas regulation, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, water conservation, environmental purification, biodiversity maintenance, landscape leisure and other 8 indicators of ecosystem service value, determine the ecosystem service value estimation model. The total value of ecosystem services of Beijing plain in 2014 according to quantitative estimation of the contribution of each single index ranking is: the organic production value of landscape and leisure value of gas regulation value nutrient circulation value of biodiversity value of water conservation value of climate regulation value value of clean environment; forest and cropland has become a type of regional ecosystem service function contribution the largest agricultural land and ecosystem service value space distribution has the characteristics of increasing from the city to the suburbs. In the plain area of Beijing, the high value area of ring and radial ecosystem services is also found in the low value area of the ecological services mainly distributed in the construction area. This is the result of the distribution of the green belt along the roads and the watershed. Changes in the total value of ecosystem services in agricultural land and layout adjustment, land layout scheme can be achieved by the proposed regional ecological system service value, which conforms to the current agricultural land in Beijing City, building a "livable city" under the goal of agricultural functions, help to alleviate the regional ecological and environmental problems. The "project of millions of acres of plain afforestation project feasibility analysis found that" economic policy and city greening in Beijing: large-scale afforestation is a strong support for the realization of Beijing city finance, has brought great pressure on government finances, and farmland afforestation is far higher than the new fiscal expenditure after afforestation ecosystem services to enhance the value of. Because there is almost no "unused" space available for afforestation in the Beijing plain, the main purpose of plain afforestation is to occupy farmland, which breaks through the responsibility of the state to protect the basic farmland and cultivated land in Beijing. The change of ecosystem service value, economic feasibility and its relationship with afforestation project of cultivated land
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F301.2
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本文编号：1339310