长三角城市群形成与扩展的效率研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 02:18

  本文关键词：长三角城市群形成与扩展的效率研究　出处：《南京师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 长三角城市群 城市效率 城市群形成 城际交通网络 效率溢出

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济取得了突飞猛进的发展。伴随着工业经济的发展,中国的城市规模也正在不断扩大,并出现了城市相互接壤的现象。在城际交通网络快速发展的背景下,城市与城市之间的经济往来越来越甚,出现“抱团发展”的重要形式与发展趋势。长三角城市群是中国迄今为止最为成功的城市群,2014年长三角城市群中的核心16城市仅仅用了全国1.1%的土地面积,却创造了全国16.7%的经济总量。而在过去的十多年中,由于人口迅速增加、超大(特大)城市边界快速扩张以及中小城市的迅速崛起,长三角城市群正在不断地向前发展,成为世界级的超级城市群。通过对经典的Thunen-Alonso"孤立岛”城市模型、Henderson城市体系、Fujita-Ogawa非单中心城市模型以及Mori城市群模型的回顾,本文抽象出了地租、城市规模等影响因素,并在新经济地理学的框架下构建了扩展型城市群的理论模型。从土地利用效率、产业集聚效应、人力资本效应、城际交通网络效应以及空间溢出效应等多个角度对城市效率提出了假说：(1)城市土地利用效率、产业集聚效应、人力资本效应是促进城市效率提高的主要因素；(2)加入城市群能够提高城市的土地利用效率、产业集聚效应、人力资本效应,从而促进城市效率的提高；(3)城市交通运输网络促进城市群深化发展,从而能够有效地促进城市群内城市效率的提升；(4)城市群扩容促进城市群广化发展,新加入的城市能获得中心城市(大城市)或者核心城市(原城市群中小城市)的溢出。但是如果城市群扩容过度,那么这种获得是以中心城市或者核心城市的损失为前提的。采用长三角城市群37个城市1999-2013年期间的面板数据,借助于面板固定效应、双重倍差、核密度估计,分位数回归、空间计量等现代计量方法,逐一验证了上述理论假说,得到如下六个主要研究结论：(1)土地利用效率、人力资本效应、产业集聚效应是影响城市效率的直接因素。加入长三角城市群对城市效率有着显著的正向影响,但这种影响主要是通过提高土地利用效率、产业集聚效应来实现的。(2)新的城市加入之后,长三角城市群整体效率仍然是提高的。尽管长三角城市群扩容能够缩小辐射城市的组内差距,但无法缩小组间差距。(3)高速交通网络的建设促进了城市群一体化的程度,对城市群的效率有着显著的直接和间接影响。沪宁高铁和沪杭高铁对沿线城市效率都有显著正向的影响,并且这种影响是通过土地利用效率、产业集聚效应以及人力资本效应三个因素来传导。京沪高铁通过产业集聚效应、宁杭高铁通过人力资本效率来促进城市效率。(4)随着城际交通的发展,城际高速铁路对城市的重要性正在随着时间的推移而加强,城市的交通网络层级也在不断提升。(5)长三角城市群扩大后,作为一个整体而言,长三角城市群的空间相互作用和溢出效应都明显加强。但这种溢出的好处是以牺牲原有的核心区成员的利益为代价的,而新加入的城市从中获得了更多的好处。(6)在长三角城市群扩容前,南京对城市群中其他非中心城市有着显著正向溢出,合肥则有着显著的负向溢出；而在长三角城市群扩容后,上海对其他城市有着显著正向溢出,其他三个副中心城市的溢出效应都变得不明显。副中心城市并没有能够成为区域的中心,长三角城市群没有能够形成多层级的“核心—边缘,,结构。本文的研究主要得到如下启示：第一,城市群的发展需要提高土地利用效率,促进人力资本效应和产业集聚效应的形成。第二,城市群发展需要平衡城市群中原有成员和新成员的所得,否则会导致效率损失。第三,城市群形成需要以市场为主导力量而非依靠政府规划为主导。第四,城市群的扩容需要有新的中心城市或核心城市,形成多层的空间结构是理想的结构。第五,城市群的发展需要构建多层级的交通网络,尤其需要大力发展高速公路和高速铁路。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made rapid progress. With the development of the industrial economy, the scale of China's cities is also expanding, and the phenomenon of the city bordering with each other appears. Under the background of rapid development of intercity transportation network, there is more and more economic intercourse between cities and cities. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is China's most successful urban group so far. In 2014, the core 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration only used 1.1% of the total land area of the country, but it created 16.7% of the total economic output of the whole country. In the past more than 10 years, due to the rapid population expansion, the rapid expansion of super large urban boundaries and the rapid rise of small and medium-sized cities, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations are constantly developing and become world-class super urban agglomerations. The single center city model and review model of Mori city group for the classical Thunen-Alonso "isolated island" model city, Henderson City, Fujita-Ogawa system, this paper abstracts the influence factors of land rent, the scale of the city, and in the framework of the new economic geography has constructed the theoretical model of city group expansion. Put forward the hypothesis of efficiency from the city land utilization efficiency, industrial agglomeration effect, human capital effect, intercity transportation network effects and spatial spillover effects and other aspects: (1) the city land utilization efficiency, industrial agglomeration effect, the effect of human capital is the main factor to improve the efficiency of the city; (2) to join the city group to improve the city land utilization efficiency, industrial agglomeration effect, human capital effect, so as to promote the city to improve the efficiency; (3) the city transportation network to promote the further development of city group, which can effectively promote the city groups in the city to improve the efficiency; (4) city group to promote the expansion of city wide development of the new group. The city can obtain the center of the city (big city) or core city (small and medium-sized city group the original city) overflow. But if the urban agglomeration is overextended, the acquisition is based on the loss of the central city or the core city. Using the panel data of Yangtze River Delta city group of 37 city during 1999-2013, with the help of panel fixed effect, double fold difference, kernel density estimation, quantile regression, spatial econometrics and modern econometric methods, to verify the hypothesis above, the conclusions are as follows six main research: (1) the land use efficiency, the effect of human capital and the industrial agglomeration effect directly affects the efficiency of the city. Joining the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has a significant positive impact on urban efficiency, but this effect is mainly achieved by improving land use efficiency and industrial agglomeration effect. (2) after the new city is joined, the overall efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta is still improved. Although the expansion of urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta can reduce the intra group gap in the radiation City, it can not narrow the gap between the groups. (3) the construction of high speed traffic network has promoted the integration of urban agglomeration, and has a significant direct and indirect effect on the efficiency of urban agglomeration. Shanghai Nanjing high speed rail and Shanghai Hangzhou high-speed railway have significant positive impact on the efficiency of the cities along the line, and this effect is transmitted through three factors: land use efficiency, industrial agglomeration effect and human capital effect. Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway through industrial agglomeration effect, NInghang high speed rail through human capital efficiency to promote the efficiency of the city. (4) with the development of intercity traffic, the importance of intercity high-speed railway to cities is strengthening with time, and the level of urban transportation network is also improving. (5) after the expansion of the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta, as a whole, the spatial interaction and spillover effect of the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta have been obviously strengthened. But the benefit of the spillover is at the expense of the interests of the members of the original core area, and the new cities have gained more benefits from it. (6) in the Yangtze River Delta city group before the expansion, Nanjing has a significant positive spillover to other non central city group, Hefei has a negative spillover effect; and in the Yangtze River Delta city group after the expansion, Shanghai has a significant positive spillover to other city, the spillover effects of the other three sub center of the city have become is not obvious. The sub central city has not been able to become the center of the region, and the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta has not been able to form a multi-layer "core - edge, and structure". The main findings of this paper are as follows: first, the development of urban agglomeration needs to improve the efficiency of land use, and promote the formation of human capital effect and industrial agglomeration effect. Second, the development of urban agglomeration needs to balance the income of the members of the Central Plains and the new members of the urban agglomeration, otherwise it will lead to the loss of efficiency. Third, the formation of urban agglomeration needs to be dominated by the market as the dominant force and not by the government planning. Fourth, the expansion of the urban agglomeration needs a new central city or a core city, and the formation of a multi-layer spatial structure is an ideal structure. Fifth, the development of urban agglomeration needs to build a multi-layer traffic network, especially the development of highways and high-speed railway.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F299.27
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本文编号：1339839