大数据时代科研新方法研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:20

本文关键词：大数据时代科研新方法研究　出处：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大数据时代的到来给科学研究提供了新的机遇,同时也提出了挑战。大数据使科学从仅追求因果性走向了重视相关性,颠覆了以往的思维方式。新理念结合新技术,从而给科研方法也带来了革新。通过对大数据的产生过程及其特征、大数据相关技术的演进和应用实践以及数据科学的发展进行阐述;详细分析了科研方法的历史演变过程及科研新方法形成的影响因素,提出了由此产生的四种科研新方法——大数据相关分析法、大数据挖掘法、大数据可视化分析、新型预测方法;结合大数据自身特征,描述了科研新方法的特征,并从提高科学发现概率、拓宽科学研究视野、转变知识生产模式、聚拢科学共同体等角度对科研新方法在科研活动中的影响进行了分析。大数据环境下产生的科研新方法将在科学研究中占有重要地位,然而也要对其进行反思,分析了科研新方法所面临的挑战和对未来研究的展望。
[Abstract]:The advent of the era of large data provides new opportunities for scientific research and challenges. Big data makes science pay attention to relevance from only pursuing causality, subverting the way of thinking in the past. New ideas combined with new technologies have brought innovation to scientific research methods. The paper elaborates on big data generating process and characteristics, large data related to the evolution of technology and application of data and scientific development; to analyze the influencing factors of the formation of scientific research methods and process of historical evolution of new research methods, put forward the resulting four scientific research -- a new method of data correlation analysis, big data mining method, analysis, data visualization model prediction method; combined with the data characteristics, describes the characteristics of the new method of scientific research, and improve the scientific discovery from probability, broaden the horizons of scientific research, change the mode of knowledge production, gather scientific community perspective new method impact on scientific research activities in scientific research are analyzed. The new scientific research method produced in the big data environment will play an important role in scientific research. However, we need to reflect on it, analyze the challenges faced by the new scientific research methods and look forward to the future research.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G312

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