农户家庭资产金融价值转化机理与实证研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 08:55

本文关键词：农户家庭资产金融价值转化机理与实证研究　出处：《重庆大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代经济是信用经济,资产资本化是现代市场经济的典型特征。作为农村经济核心的农村金融如何把农村农户家庭资产价值有效转化为金融价值是解决“三农”问题,振兴农村经济的关键。论文是关于农户家庭资产的金融价值转化机理与实证研究。论文在信息不对称、资产资本化、金融发展等理论的基础上构建了农户家庭资产金融价值转化的概念框架,并对农户家庭资产的金融价值转化的相关理论进行了分析,在此基础上,运用定性分析和定量分析相结合的研究方法,深入研究了当前农户家庭资产的金融价值转化不充分的表现形式、生成原因和不良影响,以此为依据提出了促进农户家庭资产的金融价值转化的政策建议。(1)研究的主要内容1)构建了农户家庭资产价值与金融价值转化的理论框架。厘清了农户家庭资产金融价值转化的概念、需要投入的要素、依赖的外在环境、农户家庭资产金融价值转化的机理,为后文的分析提供理论基础。2)研究了农户家庭资产金融价值转化状况现状及问题。在农户实地调查数据的基础上,采用描述性分析方法和计量分析方法分析了农户家庭资产价值状况、农户家庭资产金融价值转化现状以及农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分的具体表现。3)研究了农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分的原因。首先采用定性分析方法从政府、法律、市场、金融、农户五方面对农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分的原因进行了分析,在此基础上,借用Probit模型从微观农户视角对影响农户家庭资产金融价值转化的因素进行了实证检验。4)研究了农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分的影响。分别从理论分析、调查分析、计量分析三个层面就农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分对农户创业、农户收入、农户消费造成的影响进行了论述。5)提出了加快农户家庭资产金融价值转化的长效机制和政策框架。(2)研究的主要结论1)经过改革开放30多年的发展,我国广大农村区域已经积聚了种类繁多、规模巨大的各类资产,农户家庭资产金融价值转化潜力巨大。家庭资产价值决定着农户家庭资产金融价值转化,主要表现在:农户家庭资产价值是金融价值转化的前提和基础,农户家庭资产价值大小决定着金融价值转化规模,农户家庭资产价值构成决定着金融价值转化结构,农户家庭资产价值质量决定着金融价值转化效率。调查发现,在1046户样本农户中,户均资产价值高达35.36万元,并以土地、宅基地、房屋、金融资产等资产为主。以此样本数推算,2013年,我国农户家庭资产价值则高达51.63万亿元。规模巨大的资产价值不仅证明了农户家庭资产金融价值转化潜力巨大,同时也为资产金融价值转化奠定了良好的基础。2)农户家庭资产金融价值转化得到一定进展但总体转化不足。在中央政府和地方政府的联合推动下,农户家庭资产金融价值转化已取得一定进展。但当前仍然处于发展初期,尚存在许多不足,主要表现为:农户资产金融价值转化只集中在少数几个试点地区,尚未大范围展开;在众多有资金需求农户中资产金融价值实现转化的农户数量占比较低;实现金融价值转化的资产价值占比较低,资产金融价值潜力开发不足;实现金融价值转化的农户资产种类分布极不平衡,资产结构失衡严重四个方面。计量分析结果显示,大量高价值资产变量未能通过检验,也说明了农户家庭资产金融价值转化并不具有普遍性和规律性特征。3)农户家庭资产金融价值转化不充分是由政府、法律、市场、金融机构、农户等多方面的原因引起的。政府方面主要包括引导作用不足、文件及细则不完善、确权颁证登记工作进展缓慢、保障水平比较低;法律方面主要包括土地和宅基地的权能残缺、法律禁止土地和宅基地抵押的规定,农户投资形成资产法律确认不足;市场方面主要包括农户资产抵押配套服务不完善、农村地区金融生态环境比较差、农村资产金融价值转化氛围未形成;金融机构方面主要包括农村金融机构在农村的资金投放力度小、农村金融机构抵押贷款模式创新力度弱、农村金融机构的人才队伍建设比较落后。计量分析结果显示,农户自身资产价值大小、资产产权清晰度、户主年龄、非农创业收入、生产经营组织形式、劳动人口数量是影响农户家庭资产价值能否通过正规借贷渠道实现向金融价值转化的重要因素,流动资产价值、户主年龄、非农创业收入、务工收入、生产经营组织形式、社会资本是影响农户家庭资产价值能否通过非正规借贷渠道实现向金融价值转化的重要因素。4)家庭资产金融价值转化不充分对农户经济行为有显著的负面影响。农户创业层面,家庭资产金融价值转化不充分对农户创业行为发生、农户创业组织形式、农户创业规模具有抑制作用。农户收入层面,家庭资产金融价值转化不充分对农户总收入增长、农户收入结构优化有负向影响。农户消费层面,家庭资产金融价值转化不充分不利于农户家庭消费总量增长和消费结构优化。(3)研究的重要观点1)农户家庭资产金融价值转化问题是发展中国家面临的普遍难题,但又存在着中国国情的特殊性。作为农村经济核心的农村金融如何把农户家庭资产价值有效转化为金融价值是解决“三农”问题,振兴农村经济的关键。农户家庭资产金融价值转化问题既是一个经济问题,又是一个社会问题。2)农户家庭资产金融价值转化的核心是在维护各经济主体合法权益的基础上,加快农户家庭资产的法律确认,明晰各类资产产权,提升农户资产的资本价值。健全资产抵押和流转制度,最大限度地解决农村土地、宅基地等大量资产闲置问题,盘活“沉睡”已久资产的抵押价值,通过资产所有权或使用权的暂时或长期出让帮助农户获取生产生活所需资金,增强农村经济持续健康发展的推动力。3)随着城镇化和农村市场经济深化发展,农户资产价值不断增大、资产闲置现象严重制约着适度规模农业和非农产业的发展,加快农户家庭资产金融价值转化刻不容缓。农户家庭资产金融价值转化应以实现农户家庭收益最大化、金融企业服务效益最大化、政府机构社会效益最大化的有机协调,最大限度增进市场主体的社会经济福利,促进城乡经济协调发展为目标。4)加快农户家庭资产金融价值转化,关键在于对现有法律制度和农村金融制度进行创新,充分发挥政府、金融企业和农户的主观能动性,实现宏观调控机制和市场竞争机制的有机协调。(4)研究的政策建议1)以提高资产的产权清晰度为目标,加快农村资产法律确认。针对农村资产产权不明的状况,除了加快推进中央要求的农村宅基地、房屋、土地确权工作外,还应积极对现代农业设施、畜禽养殖场设施等农村生产中形成的各类资产进行法律确认和保护。2)以增加农村土地资本价值为目标,完善农村土地承包制度。一方面适度规模经营是未来农业发展的主流方向,在剩余承包年限较短的地方应适时开展延包工作,防止农业投资者因剩余土地承包年限过短减少甚至停止对农业的投资;另一方面完善农村土地承包权再分配制度,针对因户口外迁、子女出嫁、家庭无子继承等引起的土地分配不均、土地继承权不明、土地荒废严重等问题,健全农村土地承包权再分配制度。3)以开发闲置资产金融价值为目标,健全固定资产流转制度。首先,调整《物权法》、《担保法》等法律中关于禁止农村土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权抵押的规定,取而代之的是对农村土地承包经营权和宅基地使用权抵押的程序、流转对象等内容作出具体规定;其次,进一步提高农村宅基地和房屋买卖的法律效力,扩大宅基地和房屋买卖对象的范围。4)以建立农户多元担保模式为目标,不断进行担保方式创新。鉴于农户资产种类不断增多的客观事实,金融机构应该改变过去过度依赖少量固定资产的农户信贷模式,积极探索林地、果园、水面承包经营权、合作组织股权、农业机械等生产设备、高效农业设施、存货、在产品、商标等价值较大的各类权利、动产、无形资产的抵质押贷款模式。5)以健全资产抵押配套机制为动力,培育农村资产流转市场。在农村地区加快建立农村家庭资产价值评估中心、资产登记中心、资产流转服务中心和资产收储中心等资产抵押中介服务机构,并逐步完善农村家庭资产流转制度和抵押权实现制度。
[Abstract]:The modern economy is the credit economy, and the asset capitalization is the typical characteristic of the modern market economy. As the core of the rural economy, how to transform the asset value of rural households into financial value is the key to solve the "three rural issues" and revitalize the rural economy. The paper is about the transformation mechanism and empirical research on the financial value of household assets of farmers. This paper constructed the transformation of family assets financial value concept framework based on asymmetric information, household assets, financial development theory, the related theory and the household financial asset value transformation are analyzed. On this basis, the use of research methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, in-depth study of the the forms, causes and adverse effects of the current household financial asset value transformation, put forward to promote the transformation of household financial assets based on the value of the policy proposals. (1) the main content of the study is 1) the theoretical framework of the transformation of household assets value and financial value is constructed. This paper clarifies the concept of financial value transformation of household assets, the elements needed to be invested, the external environment that it depends on, and the transformation mechanism of financial value of household assets, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the following analysis. 2) the status and problems of the transformation of household assets financial value are studied. On the basis of field survey data, descriptive analysis and econometric analysis method were applied to analyze the status of family assets value, the transformation of farmers' family assets and financial value, and the insufficient performance of farmers' family assets and financial value. 3) the reasons for inadequate transformation of financial value of household assets are studied. Firstly, by means of qualitative analysis from the government, legal, financial, market, farmers five aspects of household financial asset value transformation are not fully analyzed, on this basis, using the Probit model from the perspective of micro factors influencing the transformation of household financial asset value test. 4) the effect of inadequate transformation of financial value of household assets of farmers was studied. From the three levels of theoretical analysis, survey analysis and quantitative analysis, the impact of insufficient conversion of household assets and financial value on Farmers' entrepreneurship, household income and household consumption is discussed. 5) put forward a long-term mechanism and policy framework to speed up the transformation of the financial value of household assets. (2) the main conclusions of the study. 1) after 30 years of reform and opening up, various kinds of assets have been accumulated in the vast rural areas of China. Household assets value determines the household financial asset value transformation, mainly in: household assets value is the premise and basis of financial value conversion, the value of household assets decided financial value conversion scale, which determines the structure of household financial value transformation of asset value, the value of household assets quality determines the financial value of the conversion efficiency of farmers. The survey found that 1046 households in the sample households, the average value of the assets of up to 353 thousand and 600 yuan, and by land, land, housing, financial assets and other assets. According to the number of samples, the value of household assets of farmers in China is up to 51 trillion and 630 billion yuan in 2013. The huge asset value not only proves the huge potential of financial value transformation of household assets, but also lays a solid foundation for the transformation of assets and financial value. 2) the transformation of financial value of household assets of farmers and families has been a certain progress, but the overall transformation is insufficient. With the combination of the central government and the local government, the transformation of household assets financial value has made some progress. But the current is still in the early stages of development, there are still many deficiencies, mainly as follows: the household financial assets value transformation are concentrated in a few pilot areas, has not yet been widely spread in many financial assets; the value of financing needs of farmers to achieve transformation of the proportion of the number of farmers is low; the financial value conversion value of assets is relatively low the value of financial assets, the development potential of farmers is insufficient; the types of financial asset distribution value conversion is extremely uneven, serious imbalance asset structure in four aspects. Econometric analysis shows that a large number of high value asset variables failed to pass the test, which also showed that the transformation of financial value of household assets is not universal and regular. 3) the lack of financial value transformation of household assets is caused by many reasons, such as government, law, market, financial institutions and farmers. The government mainly includes the guiding role, lack of documents and rules are not perfect, right registration certification work progress is slow, the security level is low; legal aspects including land and homestead, land and incomplete power law prohibits provisions of homestead mortgage, farmers' investment asset law confirmation is insufficient; market mainly includes mortgage assets supporting farmers service is not perfect, rural financial ecological environment is relatively poor, rural financial assets value transformation has not formed the atmosphere; financial institutions including rural financial institutions in rural funds of small rural financial institutions, mortgage model innovation is weak, the rural financial institutions talent team construction is relatively backward. The result shows that the value of assets, asset size of peasant property definition, non-agricultural income, age of householder, entrepreneurial organization, production and operation of the labor population is the impact of household assets value can realize the important factor for the transformation to the financial value of lending through formal channels, liquidity value, age of householder, non-agricultural income, labor income, entrepreneurship production and operation of the organization form, the impact of social capital is the value of household assets
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8

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