中国农村土地证券化问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 19:09

本文关键词：中国农村土地证券化问题研究　出处：《华中科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“三农”是我国经济发展与社会稳定的基础,能不能解决好“三农问题”关系到我国经济建设的成败和现代化的进程。新中国成立以来,尤其是家庭联产承包责任制推行以来,我国农业和农村经济建设取得了巨大的成就,但也逐渐暴露出农村土地利用过于分散、农业投资严重不足、城乡收入差距加大等一系列问题,影响了我国农村经济的进一步发展,现阶段“三农问题”已经成为制约我国经济社会持续健康发展的瓶颈。“三农问题”的解决离不开资金的支持,而农村土地证券化是资产证券化理论在农村土地利用中的具体运用,是解决农业发展资金难题的有效方法,能对“三农问题”的解决起到积极的作用。在国内外研究的基础上,本文将农村土地证券化定义为：在土地规模化、集约化利用的基础上,通过结构性安排,将一定期限内土地的未来收益转化成可流通的证券的过程。通过证券化,将原本缺乏流动性不易拆分的农村土地变成了可以拆分的小额可交易证券,流动性大大增强,因而提高了资源的配置效率。农村土地证券化能够为农业发展筹集资金,促进我国农业向规模化、机械化经营方向发展,有利于缩小城乡收入差距和优化资源配置。从农村土地特点、资产证券化实践和法律法规等方面来看,我国目前基本具备了实施农村土地证券化的现实条件。农民是农业经济行为的最终实施主体和重要的微观基础,农村制度的创新必须考虑农民的认知水平和真实的想法,尊重农民的意愿,否则可能产生严重的社会问题,农村土地证券化也不例外,因此农户的意愿及其影响因素的研究应该是我国目前研究的一个重要部分。本文运用湖北省农户抽样问卷调查的数据进行实证研究,分析了农户家庭基本特征、财产和收入情况、承包土地耕作条件和区域环境等四大类因素对农户农村土地证券化意愿的影响。研究结果表明,农户家庭的男性人数、在读学生人数、高中以上学历人数、种植业收入、经营性收入、生活性支出、土地面积对农户的土地证券化意愿有着显著的正向影响,户均年龄、房屋造价和务工收入有着显著的负向影响,丘陵和山地地区农户的土地证券化诉求高于平原地区,国家级贫困县地区农户的证券化意愿高于省会城市和调查的其他地区。农户家庭人口数量、养殖业收入和农业支出等因素对农村土地证券化意愿无显著影响。农村土地证券化最先产生于欧洲,后扩展到其他国家和地区,为发达国家的农业发展做出过重要贡献,现在西方国家已经形成了相对比较完善的农村土地证券化制度。亚洲方面,日本也形成了比较适合当地情况的农村土地证券化制度和运营环境。日本的情况与我国更为接近,有学者认为战后日本资本主义的起死回生是建立在其农村土地改革的基础之上的,所以其经验值得我们学习借鉴。本文在分析美国、德国、日本等发达国家实践经验的基础上,提出了我国农村土地证券化实践的机制设计,介绍了资产证券化定价常用的理论模型,设计出三种农地证券化产品,采用Monte Carlo法模拟我国农村土地证券的定价过程。最后本文提出,虽然我国目前推行农村土地证券化的条件已经基本具备,但也还存在一些障碍因素,为此我国应该完善相关法律法规,加强政府职能改革,促进中介服务机构的发展,健全风险防范机制,为我国农村土地证券化的顺利推进创造良好的条件。
[Abstract]:"Three rural issues" is the foundation of China's economic development and social stability. Whether we can solve the "three rural issues" is related to the success or failure of our economic construction and the process of modernization. Since the new China was founded, especially since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, China's agricultural and rural economic development has made great achievements, but also gradually exposed the rural land use is too scattered, a serious shortage of investment in agriculture, increase the income gap between urban and rural areas and a series of problems affecting the further development of the rural economy in China. At this stage, the "three rural issues" has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society in china. The solution to the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is inseparable from the support of funds. The securitization of rural land is the specific application of the theory of asset securitization in the rural land utilization. It is an effective way to solve the problem of funds for agricultural development, and it can play a positive role in solving the "three rural issues". Based on the research at home and abroad, the paper defines the rural land securitization as follows: on the basis of land scale and intensive utilization, through the structural arrangement, we will transform the future income of land into negotiable securities within a certain period. By securitisation, the rural land which originally lacks liquidity and is not easy to split is transformed into tradable securities that can be split. Liquidity is greatly enhanced, which improves the efficiency of resource allocation. Rural land securitization can raise funds for agricultural development, promote the development of our agriculture to large-scale and mechanized management, and help narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas and optimize the allocation of resources. From the aspects of the characteristics of rural land, the practice of asset securitization and laws and regulations, our country has basically had the actual conditions for the implementation of rural land securitization. The farmer is the final implementation of the main agricultural economic behavior and important micro foundation, the innovation of rural system must consider the cognitive level of farmers and the real ideas, respect the wishes of farmers, otherwise it may lead to serious social problems, rural land securitization is no exception, for the wishes of farmers and its influencing factors should be an important part of our current research. Based on the data of farmers' questionnaire survey in Hubei Province, this paper analyzes the influence of four factors, such as family characteristics, property and income, contracted land cultivation conditions and regional environment, on Farmers' willingness to land securitization. The results show that the number of male households in reading the number of students, high school degree or above, the number of farming income, business income and living expenditure, land area of rural land securitization will have a significant positive effect, average age, housing cost and labor income have a significant negative impact. Land securitization demands of farmers hilly and mountainous areas is higher than that in plain areas, other areas of the securitization of willingness of farmers in the national poverty counties region is higher than that of the capital city and investigation. The number of household population, the income of the breeding industry and the agricultural expenditure have no significant influence on the willingness of rural land securitization. Rural land securitization first came from Europe, and then expanded to other countries and regions. It has made important contributions to the development of agriculture in developed countries. Now western countries have formed relatively perfect rural land securitization system. In Asia, Japan has also formed a rural land securitization system and operating environment which is more suitable for the local situation. The situation in Japan is closer to our country. Some scholars believe that the postwar revived Japanese capitalism is based on its rural land reform, so its experience is worth learning from. Based on the analysis of the United States, Germany, Japan and other developed countries experience, put forward the mechanism design practice of rural land securitization in our country, introduces the asset securitization pricing models, designs three kinds of land securitization products, simulation of China's rural land stock pricing process using Monte Carlo method. Finally, although the current implementation of the rural land securitization basic conditions have been met, but there are still some obstacles, so our country should improve the relevant laws and regulations, strengthen the reform of government functions, promote the development of the intermediary service institutions, improve the risk prevention mechanism, to create favorable conditions for China's rural land securitization the smooth progress of.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F321.1;F832.51

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