重庆市基本农田建设与效应评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:32

  本文关键词：重庆市基本农田建设与效应评价研究　出处：《西南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 基本农田 划定 差别化 土壤碳增汇 效应评价

【摘要】：维护国家粮食安全,保持社会稳定,始终是我国的一个重大课题。把“饭碗”牢牢控制在自己手中,是当前乃至以后相当长时期,都须面对和解决的一个重大课题。国家为了稳定社会经济的可持续发展,对耕地保护制定了系列相关政策,采取了系列工程、生物措施,最终为确保18亿亩耕地红线、保证粮食生产、实现全国耕地总量的动态平衡提供有力措施。同时,重庆既是粮食产销平衡区,又是南方稻作示范区,还是统筹城乡配套试验区。但是,重庆当前人均常用耕地仅约0.65亩,中低山面积占全市土地总面积的75.98%,全市山地、丘陵和台地、平坝的面积比又为76:22:2。受此复杂地形因子影响,存在土地细碎度大、耕地质量低、生产条件差、粮食产量不高、基础设施不足、后备资源匮乏等问题,值此,提高耕地质量,增加粮食产能,打造基本农田的目标任务亟待解决。因此,本文作者带着:基本农田的位置在哪里?建设难度与时序又如何?可用哪些关键指标去验证?建设后的效应到底怎么样?环环相扣的四个问题。以重庆市垫江县为例,通过采用永久性基本农田的划定为基础→基本农田的差别化建设为操手→近30年基本农田的土壤碳增汇为验证→基本农田建设后的综合效应评价为总结等,从多方面进行分析研究。创新做好耕地保护的同时,透过土壤碳(C)汇管理的视角,去研究减缓和应对全球气候的变化。以期为重庆乃至西南山地丘陵区,在下一步基本农田建设中,实现即能做好耕地保护,同时又能推进土壤碳(C)汇管理的“双目标”路径,建立合适策略提供科学依据和参考。获取成果如下:(1)永久性基本农划定(1)在垫江县基本农田划定的过程中,以下四个指标:灌溉保证率、降雨量、交通和农村居民点辐射,拥有明显的自身优势。自然条件中,灌溉保证率和耕地连片性的综合权重最大。土壤质量中,土壤有机碳在层次分析法下权重最大。距离条件中,入选耕地受城镇的辐射作用明显、区位优势突出。(2)基本农田划定的主要参考为:灌溉保证率耕地连片性城镇的辐射土壤有机碳的重要程度。入选耕地的重点型、适宜型、调控型、后备型等级中,在数量统计和空间格局上,呈现出各自的特定差异。约束条件下的调出中,基层更多的选择是优势耕地(即重点型和适宜型),最终划定成果在符合政策规定的基础上,其适宜型和调控型的面积比例增大,重点型和后备型的面积比例减小。(3)第三章节中,构建的多目标决策模型体系方法,适宜于西南山地丘陵区永久性基本农田的划定,能够实现“保耕地红线、保经济增长”的双目标,为下一步西南山地丘陵区的补划工作,提供理论依据和科学参考。(2)基本农田差别化建设(1)垫江县基本农田的综合质量,在空间上呈显著区域差异性,质量较高的主要位于明月山、黄草山和鹤大台地围成的槽谷区。难度系数宏观格局上,同基本农田质量综合指数呈现出很好的对应性,但在细部差别上,质量综合指数与建设难度系数又不存在一一对应的空间关系。证明,在总体格局上,耕地质量的综合指数控制着基本农田建设的难度系数。(2)建设区的设置,不仅要根据建设时序的先后安排,还要兼顾产业发展的实际需求。考虑到资源禀赋、立地条件、基础设施、区位条件及产业发展、经营主体的差异,将基本农田的差别化建设划分为三个大区:西部明月山下边缘区的渝巫路沿线,服务于多功能农业发展区。明月山-黄华山所夹的槽谷区,服务于标准化粮油基地区。以鹤大台地为中心的高滩河右岸,服务于立体循环农业区。(3)基本农田的差别化建设,必须同时兼顾好资源禀赋、立地条件、基础设施、区位条件及产业发展、经营主体的差异性,不能就建设而论建设,否则,就不能很好地整合和协调各资源要素的发展。(3)基本农田土壤碳增汇(1)基本农田socd在1980s和2011年均低于非基本农田,不同截面年份间socd净增量的表现态势为:基本农田非基本农田。在不同土壤类型中,基本与非基本农田socd的增减量,均主要体现在水稻土和紫色土。在1980s和2011年,基本与非基本农田socd和soc储量,均呈现出显著的空间差异性,尤其socd更为明显。基本农田soc储量的空间分布以“山”字型形态为主。(2)近30年基本农田socd年均增速率(79.56kgha-1yr-1)高于非基本农田的(68.99kgha-1yr-1)。基本与非基本农田的固碳、相对平衡和丢碳的面积比,未呈现出显著的差异。影响近30年基本与非基本农田socd年均变化速率的主要因子,是socd1980s全n密度c/n比,可见地形因子和土壤管理因子的影响较小。其中,socd1980s有负影响作用,全n密度和c/n比则恰恰相反。(3)基本农田socd的增幅,高于非基本农田。证明研究区基本农田的位置确定,具有一定程度上的科学性,也证明在土壤碳增汇层面上,近年来国家和地方加大对基本农田的建设与投入,切实取得一定的效应。(4)基本农田效应评价(1)垫江县基本农田建设前后的工程实施效果较为显著:在项目区水平,建设后耕地连片性、道路通达度、排灌条件、景观生态功能等的提升较为显著。在县域尺度上,建设后的综合效应均较建设前有较为显著的提升,尤其是高滩河右下方的鹤大台地区综合效应较为显著。(2)基本农田建设后耕地连片度、耕地破碎度、道路通达度、灌溉保证率的空间变异性增加较为显著,与其他指标相反的是,道路通达度、路网密度、林草地比重的差异性程度略微降低,而农民满意度的空间变异程度明显降低。产生这一结果的原因是主要是立地条件、基础欠账、产业发展等所决定的,未来基本农田建设时一定要考虑这些因素来进行选址。(3)基本农田建设的差别化与效应的差别化、均质化兼顾,是建设选址与效应评估中需要着重考虑的,这一科学认识可为纠正目前建设的遍在性思路提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:The maintenance of national food security, maintaining social stability, is always a major issue in China. The "rice bowl" firmly in their own hands, is the current and future quite a long time, will be a major issue to face and solve. In order to national stability and sustainable development of social economy, develop a series of related to the protection of cultivated land the policy, adopted a series of engineering, biological measures, to ensure the final 1 billion 800 million mu of arable land, ensure the grain production, to achieve dynamic balance of total national land to provide effective measures. At the same time, Chongqing is not only the grain production balance area, is the southern rice demonstration area, or urban and rural reform zone. However, the current per capita cultivated land in Chongqing only about 0.65 acres, low mountain area accounts for 75.98% of the city's total land area, the city of mountain, hills and plateau, Pingba area than for 76:22:2. by the complex terrain factor, soil The cultivation of arable land, low quality, poor production conditions, the grain yield is not high, lack of infrastructure, on this problem, the lack of reserve resources, improve the quality of cultivated land, increase food production capacity, objectives and tasks to create the basic farmland to be solved. Therefore, the author of this paper: with the basic farmland construction difficulty and the location of where? The timing and how? What are the key indicators available to verify the effect after the construction of what?? four question is linked together. In Dianjiang County of Chongqing city as an example, through the delineation of permanent basic farmland construction of basic farmland, the difference is the base for soil carbon to hold hand nearly 30 years of basic farmland sinks to evaluate the comprehensive effect of verification, the basic farmland construction after the summary, analysis and research from many aspects. The innovation of good farmland protection at the same time, through the soil carbon sink (C) management perspective, to study the mitigation and response Changes in global climate. In order for Chongqing and southwest hilly area, the next step in the construction of basic farmland, which can make the protection of arable land, but also can promote the soil carbon sink (C) management of the "double target" path, provide scientific basis and reference to establish appropriate strategies to obtain results as follows: (1.) delineation of basic agricultural permanent (1) in the process of delimitation of basic farmland in Dianjiang County, the following four indicators: irrigation guarantee rate, rainfall, traffic and rural residential radiation, has obvious advantages. The natural conditions, irrigation guarantee rate of cultivated land and even piece comprehensive weight. Soil quality. The soil organic carbon in the analytic hierarchy process. Under the weight of the maximum distance conditions, selected cultivated land by radiation towns, prominent location advantages. (2) the main reference of basic farmland for irrigation to ensure radiation of soil organic carbon in farmland connectivity rate of towns The degree of importance. The key type, selected suitable cultivated land type, control type, type in the reserve grade, quantity statistics and spatial pattern, showing the specific differences. Under the constraints of transfer, selection of grassroots is more advantage of cultivated land (i.e. key type and suitable type), in accordance with the results of the final delimitation based on the policy, the area proportion of the suitable type and control type increases, the area proportion of key type and reserve type decreased. (3) the third chapter, method of multi-objective decision model of system construction, suitable for the delineation of permanent basic farmland in southwest hilly area, to achieve the protection of arable land and double "the goal of security and economic growth", to draw up the next step in southwest hilly area, and provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference. (2) the difference of the construction of basic farmland (1) comprehensive quality of basic farmland in Dianjiang County, significant regional differences in space , mainly located in the moon hill high quality, surrounded by yellow huangcaoshan and crane platform of the valley area. The coefficient of difficulty of macro pattern, with the comprehensive index of basic farmland quality showed a good correspondence, but the difference in detail, quality index and construction difficulty coefficient and does not exist in the space corresponding relationship that, in the overall pattern, the comprehensive index of farmland quality control difficulty of basic farmland construction. (2) the construction area has set, not only according to the schedule for construction, but also take into account the actual needs of industrial development. Considering the resource endowment, site conditions, infrastructure, regional conditions and industrial development. The differences of business entities, will be divided into different construction of basic farmland into three major areas: the western edge of the area under the moon mountain Yu Wu along the road, serving the agricultural development zone. The Mingyue Huang Hua mountains of the valley area, clothing For standard oil base area. With the crane platform as the center of the high right bank, serving the three-dimensional circulation agricultural area. (3) the difference between the construction of basic farmland, must also take into account the good resources, site conditions, infrastructure, industrial development and regional conditions, different business entities, not construction in terms of construction, otherwise, development is not well integrated and coordinated various resource elements. (3) the basic farmland soil carbon sink (1) basic farmland SOCD in 1980s and 2011 lower than the annual net amount of basic farmland, SOCD different section between the year trend: basic farmland in basic farmland. Different soil types, basic and non basic farmland by reduction of SOCD, which is mainly reflected in the paddy soil and purple soil. In 1980s and 2011, basic and non basic farmland reserves are SOCD and SOC, showing a distinct spatial difference, especially the SOCD base is more obvious. The spatial distribution of farmland SOC reserves to the "mountain" shape form. (2) nearly 30 years the average annual growth rate of basic farmland SOCD rate (79.56kgha-1yr-1) was higher than that of non basic farmland (68.99kgha-1yr-1). Carbon sequestration basic and non basic farmland, the relative balance and lost carbon area, did not show significant differences the main influence factor. Nearly 30 years of basic and non basic farmland SOCD average annual change rate is socd1980s, the whole n c/n density ratio, less visible effects of topography and soil management factors. Among them, socd1980s has a negative effect, the N density and the ratio of c/n on the contrary. (3) the basic farmland SOCD increase. Higher than the basic farmland. The basic farmland in the study area that determines the position of scientific to a certain extent, has proved that in the soil carbon sink enhancement level in recent years, national and local increase the investment and construction of basic farmland, real achieved certain effect. ( 4) evaluation of basic farmland effect (1) before and after the basic farmland in Dianjiang County construction project implementation effect is more significant in the project area, farmland connectivity construction, road accessibility, irrigation and drainage conditions, landscape ecological function improvement is more significant. In the regional scale, comprehensive effect after the construction of construction than before more significant, especially the large crane Taiwan comprehensive effect under high river right is significant. (2) the degree of cultivated land. The construction of basic farmland, farmland fragmentation, road accessibility, irrigation guarantee rate increase of spatial variability is significant, contrary to other indexes, accessibility of the road network. The density of forest and grassland proportion difference degree decreases slightly, and spatial variability of farmers satisfaction is significantly reduced. The reason of this result is mainly based on site conditions, debts, decided by the industrial development of the future Farmland construction must consider these factors for site selection. (3) the difference and effect of the construction of basic farmland differentiation, homogenization is taken into account, needs to focus on construction site and effect assessment, this scientific understanding can provide scientific basis for the construction of correct times in thinking.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.211
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本文编号：1416511