结构性收入视角下中国农村居民收入流动性研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 14:43

本文关键词： 相对收入流动性绝对收入流动性结构性收入分解收入分配　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放后随着中国进入高速发展阶段,基尼系数上升趋势明显,然而这并非一定表示收入差距的拉大,因为基尼系数本身无法反映相对收入地位的变化。而事实上,今天的富有者可能来自于昨天的穷人,收入流动通过刻画这种收入等级的变动,将动态视角引入到收入分配的测度中,具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究立足于中国农村居民收入结构发生重大变化的现实背景,以结构性收入为视角,以收入流动为研究对象,深入刻画中国农村从1995年至2013年纯收入及主要结构性收入的流动性水平,揭示出具体影响收入流动的因素,并综合运用不同方法明确收入流动的分配效应。中国农村居民的纯收入无论从绝对流动性还是相对流动性来讲,都表现出先升后降的总趋势,这是工资性收入不断下降的流动性和经营性收入倒U形流动性共同作用的结果。反映收入等级变换程度的交换流动性始终是总流动性的主体,但其占比在下降;增长流动性占比上升明显;分散流动性在经营性收入中占比略有提高,在工资性收入有所减小,在纯收入中基本保持不变。具体到每一收入层级的变动上,经营性收入的流动多集中于最低层、较低层与中等层之间,且流动程度越来越小;工资性收入在各层级间的流动性都较低。纯收入最低层向上流动的趋势明显,但上行幅度不断减小;较低层的流动以上行和保持原位为主,上行能力同样有所下降;中等层的流动性较大,尤其表现为收入等级的下跌。农户纯收入在最低层、较低层和中等层之间流动频繁,而较高层和最高层农户的位置则相对稳定。从各层级的具体构成来看,纯收入最低层和较低层的主体部分是由上层而来的掉入者,而中等层的主体则为从靠下两级跃升至该层的农户。中国农村居民的收入流动受到诸多因素的的影响,其中土地转包入、农户机械数量增多、党员户身份和较高学历等都对经营性收入的上行起着显著的正向作用,.农户健康水平的上升虽然减少了经营性收入层级下跌的概率,但同时也使其上行得到显著的降低。土地转包出、非农职业培训人数增多、家庭外出劳动力占比增加、农户平均健康水平上升和家庭抚养比下降都对加速工资性收入上行和减少下跌影响显著。对于纯收入而言,农户健康水平、非农职业培训和外出务工占比的上升都可以提升农户层级跃升的可能性,土地转包入则对层级下行起到了显著的加速作用。基础教育可以显著提升农户纯收入层级的小幅上升,但对大幅上升作用有限。另外,期初高位会有利于上行,而上期高位则会增加其下行概率。从长期来看,中国农村的收入流动对收入差距的拉大具备缓解效应。通过分析不同收入层级间收入变动的主要原因以及交换流动性的占比可知,收入流动是单年份收入差距变大的重要原因;Fields指数和基尼系数变动量的分解结果也显示:中国农村的长期收入分配是有利于低收入群体的,基尼系数的扩大可以与长期收入分配的改善同时出现。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up Chinese entered a stage of rapid development, the Gene coefficient rise significantly, but it is not certain that the widening income gap, because of changes in the Gene coefficient itself can not reflect the relative income status. In fact, today's rich may come from the last day of the poor, income flows through to describe this income level changes the dynamic perspective, is introduced to measure the distribution of income, has important theoretical and practical significance. This research is based on the realistic background of income structure of rural residents China significant changes in income, structural perspective, the income mobility as the research object, in-depth characterization of the liquidity level of rural China from 1995 to 2013 and net income the structural revenue, reveals the specific factors affecting the income mobility, income distribution effect and the integrated use of clear flow with different methods. Chinese in rural areas The net income of residents in terms of absolute liquidity or relative liquidity, have shown a general trend after the first rise and fall, this is the wage income declining liquidity and operating income of inverted U liquidity factors. To reflect the level of income level transform exchange liquidity is always subject the liquidity, but the proportion is on the decline; liquidity growth ratio increased significantly; dispersion of liquidity in the business income accounted for a slight increase, decrease in wage income, remained unchanged in the pure income. Specific to each income level changes, operating income flows more concentrated at the lowest level, between the lower layer and the middle layer, and the flow is more and more small; the liquidity of wage income at all levels are low. The lowest level of net income flows upward trend is obvious, but the upward rate decreases; the lower layer flow In order to maintain the upstream and in situ, the uplink capacity also declined; the middle layer of greater mobility, especially for the level of income decline. The net income of farmers at the lowest level, between the lower layer and the middle layer flow, rather than the top position of the top and farmers is relatively stable. The specific components of each level the lowest level of net income, and the lower part is from the top to the fall, and the main medium layer is on the lower level jumped to two from the layer of the farmers. China rural residents income mobility is affected by many factors, including land transfer, farmers machine number households party identity and higher education are on the upstream business income plays a positive role, significant rise. Farmers health level can reduce the probability of operating income levels decline, but also make it up to a significant Reduced. Land transfer, non-agricultural occupation training to increase the number of families, migrant workers accounted for the increase, the average household health level and rising household dependency ratio fell to accelerate upward wage income and significantly reduce fall. Net income for farmers, non-agricultural occupation and health level, training of migrant workers accounted for the rise of farmers can level jump raises the possibility that the land transfer into the level of downlink speed up remarkably. Basic education can significantly improve household net income levels rose slightly, but the sharp rise is limited. In addition, at the beginning of the period will be beneficial to the high upward, while the high level will increase the probability of downward in the long term. China, rural income flows on the income gap with ease effect. Through the analysis of the main causes of different income levels between income and exchange liquidity The proportion of the income flow is an important reason for larger single year income gap; the decomposition results of Fields index and the Gene coefficient of variation also shows that the long-term income distribution of rural Chinese is conducive to low-income groups, expanding the Gene coefficient can be improved and the long-term income distribution at the same time.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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