俄罗斯市场化民主化转型中国家与市

发布时间：2018-02-15 13:28

本文关键词： 俄罗斯市场化民主化国家市场社会　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在传统的计划模式下,国家完全掌控社会资源,把市场和社会纳入到国家统治之内。社会运行僵化、呆滞,正式的统一的市场形同虚设,黑市盛行。市场经济条件下,国家与市场、社会的关系被重塑,国家要为市场主体和社会主体留出自主决策的权能和空间。因此,市场化民主化的转型,从本质上来讲,就是重构国家与市场、国家与社会之间的关系。体现了国家行动体从控制向治理策略的转化。这些变化和发展也可以归结为人类行为与社会制度交互作用的结果,是人类社会从传统向现代不断转化的历史过程。发生于20世纪80年代末90年代初的俄罗斯市场化民主化转型,是由原来的高度集权的计划经济体制向自由选择的市场经济体制转轨。在本质上就是重构国家与社会、国家与市场之间的关系。纵观俄罗斯转轨进程,会发现从国家主义取向、自由市场取向再到社会权利取向,俄罗斯国家、市场与社会关系不断调整与重构,出现阶段性的结构性失衡,始终未能实现三者关系的有机协调,市场化与民主化相互并行而又充满冲突与矛盾,这一过程在本质上是国家、市场和社会之间合作与博弈关系的反映。国家、市场和社会是维系治理秩序、推进经济社会发展的三大治理机制,各自具有优势和不足,只有综合利用这三种机制,使之优势互补、动态协调,才能促进秩序稳定和持久繁荣。本文通过对俄罗斯市场化民主化转轨过程的梳理,综合经济学、政治学和社会学理论,分析俄罗斯市场化民主化转型过程中国家、市场与社会关系的变化与作用,并运用比较研究的方法详细分析了俄罗斯转型进程中不同阶段国家权力、市场资本以及社会力量的格局、特征与相互作用的内容机理及产生效果。论文共分为8章,第1章为绪论,第2到7章为论文主体部分,第8章为论文的前景展望及结论部分。主要内容如下：第1章是绪论。主要介绍论文的研究背景及意义、文献综述及评价、研究思路及方法、创新及不足。第2章以国家主义理论、新自由主义理论、公民社会理论、市场失灵理论、和政府失灵理论为基础,从国家、市场、社会三者关系的角度阐述并界定了国家、市场和社会的本质内涵。第3章基于国家与市场的关系,国家与社会的关系对市场化民主化转型给予一般性的理论解释,为俄罗斯市场化民主化转型道路的选择构建理论分析框架。第4章梳理俄罗斯市场化民主化转型的阶段性历程。前苏联的计划经济是一种国家占绝对优的政府统制经济,有国家、无市场、无社会,国家“脱嵌”于社会,三种社会资源配置机制的结构严重失衡。转型之初,遵照“华盛顿共识”的要求,弱化国家职能,市场“脱嵌”于社会,国家、市场和社会之间进入新的结构性失衡。叶利钦中后期,国家与资本形成合流,极大地损害了社会的利益；而普京时代则通过国家打压市场寡头资本,政策利益向社会倾斜。第5章分析俄罗斯市场化转型中的国家与市场关系。从转型初期市场至上主义下国家的弱化虚无,到叶利钦中后期国家权力与资本的勾结,再到普京任期国家主导下的市场发展模式。论述分析不同阶段国家力量与市场力量的变化与相互作用及其转型效果。最后提出了构建保护市场秩序的国家定位。第6章分析俄罗斯民主化转型中的国家与社会关系。俄罗斯转型前社会结构变迁引致民主化转型,民主化转型致使社会结构进一步分化。从转型不同阶段中的国家与社会关系来看,叶利钦时代“亲市场”的策略选择造成社会阶层结构深刻调整,社会贫富分化严重。普京实施社会取向的国家主义政策,社会相对稳定,公民社会的日益成熟深化民主化转型,对市场效率改善有所制约和影响。最后提出了构建保障社会公正的国家定位。第7章分析俄罗斯转型面临的现实困境,并回答关于下一步转型向何处去的问题,在此基础上提出了结构化协调的观点和相关条件。俄罗斯转型的困境表现为国家与市场、社会关系的结构性失衡,实际上是民主化与市场化的内在矛盾所形成的转型怪圈,找到俄罗斯国家与市场、社会之间“动态平衡”的模式至关重要。从理论上基于国家与市场、社会关系的路径分析俄罗斯下一阶段的转型有三种可能性,指出最有可能走向具有俄罗斯特色的国家与市场、社会动态平衡状态。从俄罗斯市场化民主化转型中国家与市场、社会关系协调演进的视角,提出了结构化协调的分析框架。这一分析框架包括宏观的制度协调、中观的组织协调、微观的策略协调。宏观制度协调是一种静态、稳态的协调,即使微观策略有所失误,也不会影响稳态协调,但如果宏观体制不协调,则策略协调也不具有长远稳定性。而中观的社会组织与个体协调,则是制度协调的基础,它决定了策略和制度协调能否发挥作用以及作用效果程度。第8章在开放经济条件下对整个转型国家的市场化民主化实践进行反思。指出了转型国家在融入世界经济过程中面临着国内与国际“双重民主化”的现实矛盾。尤其是对金融危机中国家、市场和社会的关系进行深入论述。随着资本的全球化配置,市场的控制力量开始影响国家和社会功能的发挥。包括俄罗斯在内的市场化民主化转型国家的一些经验教训,对于我国当前市场经济体制的完善和民主政治的发展存在有价值的启示。最后对中国转型和国家与市场、社会关系进行分析论述与前景展望。
[Abstract]:In the traditional plan mode, the national total control of social resources, the market and society into the national rule. Social operation is dull, rigid, formal and unified market useless, black market prevails. Under the condition of market economy, the state and the market, social relations are plastic, countries to the market subject and social subject set aside the autonomous decision-making power and space. Therefore, the market transformation of democracy, in essence, is the reconstruction of the country and the market, the relationship between state and society. Embodies the national action from control to governance transformation strategy. These changes and development can also be attributed to human behavior and social interaction system the results, is a historical process of transformation from traditional to modern human society. At the end of 1980s occurred in the Russian market at the beginning of the 90s democratic transition, is the original high degree of centralization. Planning economic system to choose the transition to market economy. In essence is the reconstruction of the country and society, the relationship between the state and the market. Throughout the Russian transition process, will find the orientation from nationalism, the free market orientation to social rights orientation, the Russian state, the relationship between market and society constantly adjustment and reconstruction, structural imbalance the stage, has not been able to achieve the coordination of the relationship between the three, marketization and democratization mutually parallel and full of conflicts and contradictions, it is national in nature, between the market and the society for reflection and game relationship. The state, market and social governance is to maintain order, to promote economic and social development three the big governance mechanism, each has advantages and disadvantages, only the comprehensive utilization of these three mechanisms, the advantage is complementary, dynamic coordination, in order to promote the stability and prosperity in this paper. According to the Russian market and democratic transition process analysis, comprehensive economic, political and sociological theory, analysis of the Russian national market democratization process, change and effect relationship between market and society, and a detailed analysis of the different stages of the Russian national Ross transition power uses the method of comparative study, and the capital market the pattern of social forces, content characteristics and the mechanism of interaction and effect. This paper is divided into 8 chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, the second to the 7 chapter is the main part of the thesis, the eighth chapter is the prospect of the prospect and conclusion. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction mainly introduces the research background and significance. This paper, literature review and evaluation, research ideas and methods, innovation and deficiencies. In the second chapter, the theories of nationalism, Neo liberalism theory, civil society theory, theory of market failure and government failure theory. On the basis, from the state, market, social relationship between the three aspects and defines the connotation of state, market and society. The third chapter is based on the relationship between the state and the market, the relationship between the state and society of market transition to explain the general theory of democracy, constructs the theoretical analysis framework for the Russian market. The choice of the road of democratic transformation process of the fourth chapter of democracy in Russia market transformation. The Soviet planned economy is an absolute advantage in the national government controlled economy, there is no market, no country, society, country "disembedding" in society, serious imbalance in the structure of three kinds of social resources allocation mechanism at the beginning of transition, in accordance with the "Washington consensus", weakening the function of the national market, "disembedding" in society, the state, market and society into the structural imbalance between the new. In the late Yeltsin, the state and capital formation As the confluence, greatly harmed the interests of society; and Putin era through the national policy to suppress the market oligopoly capital, interest to social inclination. The fifth chapter analyzes the relationship between the market and the Russian market of countries in transition. The transition from the early market first weakening country under the doctrine of nothingness, to power and capital Yeltsin in the late state of collusion then, to the market development model of the Putin presidency under the guidance of the state. Analyses the different stages of national power and market power and interaction and transition effects. Finally, the national construction location to protect the market order. The sixth chapter analyzes the relationship between the Russian Democratic Transition in Russia before the transition of country and society. The change of social structure caused by democracy the transformation of social structure, the democratic transition resulting in further differentiation. The transition from different stages in the relationship between state and society, Yeltsin Generation of "Pro market" strategy selection caused profound adjustment of social class structure, social polarization serious. Putin implemented social oriented nationalism policy, social stability, civil society is increasingly mature and deepen democratic transformation, to improve market efficiency constraints and impact. Finally put forward the construction of national security position of social justice. Seventh chapter analyzes the dilemma facing Russia's transition, and answer questions about the next step transformation of the problem of where to go, put forward on the basis of a structured view of the coordination and related conditions. Russian transition dilemma for the performance of the state and the market, the structural imbalance of social relations, is actually formed by the transition cycle of democratization and inherent contradictions the market, and the market to find the Russian state society, between the "dynamic balance" model is very important. Based on the state and the field in theory, social The relationship between the path analysis of the next phase of the transition in Russia there are three possibilities, that are most likely to market and has the characteristics of Russian national society, the dynamic equilibrium state. From the Russian market transition to democracy and market China home, social coordination development view, put forward the analysis framework of structural coordination. This analysis framework including the system of macro coordination, organization and coordination of the meso, micro macro coordination strategy. System coordination is a static, steady state coordination, even micro strategies will not affect the steady-state error, but if the system is not coordinated, macro coordination, coordination strategy does not have long-term stability. And macro social organization and individual coordination that is the foundation of system coordination, it determines the strategy and system coordination can play a role and effect degree. In the eighth chapter, under the condition of open economy on the turn To reflect market democracy practice oriented country. Points out the transformation countries in the process of integration into the world economy is facing the contradiction of domestic and international "dual democracy". Especially in the financial crisis China, deeply discusses the relationship between market and society. With the globalization of capital allocation, control power market began to affect play the national and social functions. Some experiences and lessons of market-oriented democracy including Russia, transition state, for the current market economy system in our country and the improvement of the development of democracy is of valuable enlightenment. At the end of the Chinese transformation and the state and the market, and discusses the prospect of social relations.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F151.2

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