考虑消费者偏好的供应链低碳运作管理和政府配额机制设计研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 08:30

本文关键词： 供应链管理低碳运作消费者偏好限额与交易限额分配政策　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,笼罩中国大多数城市的雾霾问题一次次的扰动着全体国民的神经,雾霾的肆虐使得越来越多的人们不得不正视环境问题的紧迫,整个社会都对空气污染问题有了一个更为直观和严肃的认识,随着而来的是从各个层面的反思和应对:政府出台一系列环保类法规和规范,企业在相应的政策环境下推进技术升级和低碳处理,而消费者则通过其对产品购买决策中的环境性考量来承担起相应的低碳责任。本文正是将市场侧消费者日益兴起的低碳偏好行为因素贯穿整个研究过程,分析该因素的引入会对企业生产优化、供应链低碳运作乃至政府低碳机制设计产生何种影响。消费者低碳偏好行为直观的反映于消费者在购买产品时所愿意为低碳产品而支付的额外溢价,在产品低碳信息获取便利的前提下,产品的低碳属性将在低碳偏好因素的作用下切实的影响到产品需求,从而使得企业在传统运作决策的基础上自然而然地将低碳选择问题纳入考量。本文首先对限额与交易机制下的企业生产运作问题进行拓展和延伸,将引入消费者低碳偏好行为而导致的产品溢价加以刻画,以产品碳足迹来反映产品的环境表现,结合建模分析可以发现,企业在限额与交易机制下的低碳选择将只会集中于对所有碳排放全部进行低碳处理和完全通过碳交易市场以满足其排放权需求两种可能,而消费者低碳偏好的兴起,将会使企业原先出于成本考虑而倾向碳交易的低碳选择出现直接低碳处理的可能,消费者低碳偏好的兴起将会使企业的低碳处理更加有利可图。由于产品的碳排放实际产生于供应链的多个环节,本文也将低碳运作问题拓展到供应链层面。在考虑传统供应链定价决策的基础上,考虑双方的低碳投入决策,通过对单生产商单零售商Stackelberg博弈分析,本文分析论证了在考虑消费者低碳偏好行为的情况下,生产商和零售商共同自发地进行低碳努力的前提和具体决策,并且将集中式决策下的相关结果作为参照点,设计并得到了一个类价格折扣共享契约以实现供应链协调,并且分析了实现生产商零售商利润Pareto改进的前提条件,探讨了供应链层面实现低碳合作的可能。基于对已有文献和现实法规的归纳和思考,本文对政府层面限额与交易机制下具体限额分配问题展开研究。在界定和提取政府权衡目标的基础上,从企业运作视角出发,结合从现行政府低碳法规所获取的启发,采用博弈分析方法,本文设计并得到一套以行业平均减排率为参照的单位产品配额分配规则,在规避现有问题的基础上得出一套简单可行的低碳引导方案。在此基础上,本文重新将消费者低碳偏好行为纳入整个系统的设计运行中,结果发现,消费者低碳偏好的引入在提升企业层面低碳投入,切实改善单位产品低碳表现的同时也使企业利润获得提升;与此同时,政府虽然在此时所遵循的配额机制框架没改变,但是最终单位产品的配额实际也将减少,这也意味着消费者低碳偏好因素的引入将加速整个社会的低碳进程,这也将启发政府在后续机制参数设定时需要对消费者低碳偏好因素有一个基本预测和思考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, most of the city China shrouded haze problem again and again all the disturbance of people's nerves, raging haze makes more and more people have to face the urgent environmental problems, the whole society on the problem of air pollution have a more intuitive understanding and serious, as it was from the reflection and deal with all the level: a series of environmental protection regulations and norms of government, enterprise technology upgrading and low carbon processing in the corresponding policy environment to promote, and consumers through the environmental considerations in the decision to buy the product to take low carbon responsibility accordingly. This paper is the low carbon preference factors of emerging market side consumers throughout the whole process of the research, analysis into the factors in enterprise production optimization, the impact mechanism of supply chain design of low carbon low carbon operation and low consumer government. Carbon preference behavior reflect to consumers when purchasing products are willing to pay the extra premium for low carbon products, to facilitate access to the premise in the product information of low carbon, low carbon product attributes will be in low carbon preference factors to affect the product demand, so that enterprises in the traditional operation decision the problem of low carbon will naturally choose to expand and extend into consideration. Firstly, cap and trade mechanism of enterprise production operation, will be the introduction of consumer behavior as a result of low carbon preference premium to carved paintings, the carbon footprint of products to reflect the product's environmental performance, combined with the model analysis can be found in the enterprise in the choice of low carbon cap and trade mechanism will only focus on all carbon emissions are low carbon and completely through carbon trading market to meet the needs of emission right The two possibility, and consumers of low carbon preference rise, will make the enterprise low carbon for the original cost considerations and tendency of carbon trading directly choose low carbon processing, low carbon consumer preference rise will make low carbon processing enterprises more profitable. Due to many aspects of the emissions of products produced in the actual supply chain in this paper, low carbon operation will expand to the supply chain level. Based on the traditional supply chain pricing decision, considering the low carbon investment decisions of both sides, through the analysis of a single manufacturer and one retailer Stackelberg game, this paper analyzes the low carbon preference in considering the consumers' behavior, producers and the retailer spontaneously premise low carbon efforts and specific decisions, and will result in centralized decision as a reference point, design and get a price discount sharing contract In order to achieve the coordination of the supply chain, and analyzes the precondition of manufacturer retailer Pareto improved, discussed the possibility of cooperation to achieve low carbon supply chain. And thinking summed up the literatures and regulations based on the reality, the paper carries out research on the government level cap and trade mechanism under specific quota allocation problem. And based on the definition of the government weighed on the target extraction, from the perspective of enterprise operation, combined with the inspiration gained from the current government low carbon regulations, by using the method of game analysis, this paper design and get a set by the industry average reduction rate for unit product quota allocation rules of reference, based on the existing problems that avoid a set of simple and feasible low the carbon guide scheme. On this basis, this paper will re consumers of low carbon preference into the design operation of the whole system, the results found that consumers of low carbon preference lead In the promotion of low carbon enterprise investment, and improve the performance of low carbon products unit also make enterprise profit promotion; at the same time, although the government quota mechanism framework followed at this time did not change, but the final unit will also reduce the actual quota, this also means that the introduction of low carbon consumer preference factors will accelerate low carbon process of the whole society, it will also inspire the government needs to have a basic prediction and consideration of consumers of low carbon preference factors set in the follow-up mechanism parameters.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

【参考文献】