全要素生产率视角下的农业技术进步及其溢出效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 18:03

本文选题：农业生产　切入点：技术进步　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：技术进步是供给侧领域的永恒主题,农业技术进步作为农业发展的根本途径在中央一号文件中被反复强调。随着空间关联性与产业融合的不断推进,对单一地区或产业技术进步的简单研究加总无法准确反映技术进步的全貌。因此,本研究基于相关理论归纳构建的总体理论框架,结合SFA与MFA模型、Moran's I指数、PSM方法和CGE模型等方法,从全要素生产率视角切入农业技术进步直接效果的研究,并进一步研究其通过要素与产品市场产生的间接溢出效应,旨在把握农业技术进步的地区、产业的系统性结构特征、明确其驱动因素与所受影响机制,进而探究其对外部经济与环境的作用。对直接效果的研究包括特征与影响两大部分,第一部分特征主要研究历史演变与现状,空间与产业特点,第二部分着重从技术禀赋与组织化程度视角展开影响剖析；第三部分溢出效应的探究包括经济、环境效应,并由七个主要章节展开。主要结论概括如下：(1)对农业技术进步的历史演变与现状的研究表明：改革开放以来,农业技术进步呈现明显的机械型要素代替劳动、生物化学型补充土地的趋势；外部财政支农保障经费加速增长,重心从中央向地方转移,科研转化能力提升且回报率较高,技术推广人员缓慢增长至稳；技术进步率围绕5%水平周期性波动,且波动幅度与区域差异逐年减弱。(2)综合考虑空间因素下的农业技术进步空间收敛性的研究表明：西部区域内部技术效率提升潜力较大；区域间技术进步转化水平拉动的综合技术进步水平呈现中西部向东部地区的收敛,空间相关性在1981-2009年起到了显著推动作用,而此后的空间作用明显减弱。(3)对农业技术进步的产业差异的系统性研究发现：粮食类与经济类作物产业技术进步普遍放缓,蔬果产业技术进步存在波动性加速,畜牧业产业整体技术进步存在周期波动性放缓；要素结构优化的技术效率改进是其驱动因素,而科技转化能力则成为农业技术进步的阻碍因素。(4)技术禀赋对全过程农业技术进步的影响研究结果表明：技术禀赋对技术采用决策与应用后效果差异影响明显。其中,需求、补贴以及种植经验等技术禀赋对采用决策影响明显,经营管理能力对要素结构的优化与产出效率的发挥具有显著正向作用,且具有年轻化、专业化、适度规模化等良性发展特性的能力较高农户更具推动农业技术进步的优势。(5)组织化程度对农业技术进步的影响研究结果表明：组织化程度对农户技术水平有显著影响；其中,农资购买与技术指导两项服务增强技术进步水平的作用明显；天津、辽宁地区效果尤其明显；组织化程度解释了88.54%的技术进步水平转化能力与5505元的产值差异。(6)农业技术进步的系统性经济溢出效应研究结果表明：农业技术进步能大幅提高农产品国际市场竞争力；促进其他产业经济发展,对经济欠发达地区经济增长效应尤其显著；短期地区居民人均收入差距被拉大,但地区工资差异有所缓解；长期随地区总产出与就业增加会加快中西部向东部地区的“追赶”；加速了农民增收与农村劳动转移,促进了城乡居民粮食消费收敛。(7)对内生性农业技术进步的环境溢出效应研究结果表明：能源类要素的密集性投入的负向环境溢出加剧,而通过能源效率缓解负向溢出的能力却在倒退；狭义技术进步、技术效率改善、规模效应的发挥起到了积极作用,而替代要素效率下降则成为主要的短板。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is the eternal theme of the supply side in the field of agricultural technological progress as the fundamental way of agricultural development in the central document are emphasized. With the spatial correlation and industrial integration advancement, simple research on a single region or industry technology progress and total not accurately reflect the technological progress of the whole picture. Therefore, this based on the general theoretical framework of summarizing the related theory construction, the combination of SFA and MFA model, Moran's I index, PSM method and CGE model method, the research starting from the perspective of total factor productivity of agricultural technology progress effect, and further study the indirect spillover effect generated by the elements and product market, to grasp the progress of agricultural technology the system of area, industrial structure characteristics, the driving factors and the influence mechanism, and then probes into the external economic and environmental effects of direct effect. Study on the characteristics and influence of two parts including the first part mainly studies the characteristics, current situation and historical evolution, space and industry characteristics, the second part focuses on the technology of endowment and the degree of organization perspective effect analysis; explore the spillover effects of the third part including economic, environmental effects, and consists of seven main chapters summarize the main conclusions. Are as follows: (1) research on the historical evolution and current situation of agricultural technology progress shows that since the reform and opening up, the progress of agricultural technology has obvious mechanical elements instead of labor, biochemistry supplement land trend; external financial support to ensure funding to accelerate growth, shift from the central to the local, to enhance the ability of scientific research and the rate of return high technology promotion personnel to steady slow growth; the rate of technological progress around the 5% level of cyclical fluctuations, and the fluctuation of regional differences and decreasing year by year (2). Research progress of agricultural technology convergence space considering the spatial factors of the western region shows that the efficiency of internal technical potential; the convergence level of comprehensive technical progress into horizontal pull progress between regions showing the central and Western to the eastern region, the spatial correlation in 1981-2009 years has played a significant role in promoting, and the space effect was weakened since then. (3) systematic research on industrial difference of agricultural technology progress that grain and economic crops industry technological progress generally slowing, Vegetable & Fruit industrial technology progress fluctuated with speed, the overall technology of animal husbandry industry progress cycle slowdown; factor structure optimization technical efficiency improvement is the driving factor, and technology transfer ability become the hindering factors of agricultural technology progress. (4) research technology endowment on agricultural technological progress of the whole process The results show that the influence of technology on the difference by endowment decision and application effect. The effect of planting experience demand, subsidies and technology Endowments on the decision, management ability to play elements of structure optimization and production efficiency has a significant positive effect, and has a younger, professional, moderate scale sound development characteristics of high ability households more promote the progress of agricultural technology. (5) the degree of organization of agricultural technical progress and research results show that the degree of organization have significant influence on Farmers' technical level; the purchase of agricultural technical guidance and two service level of technological progress significantly enhanced; Tianjin especially in Liaoning area; the degree of organization explained 88.54% of the level of technological progress and transformation of the output value of 5505 yuan (6). The difference of agricultural technology progress The system of economic spillovers research results show that the progress of agricultural technology can improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market sharply; other industries promote economic development, the economy owes the effect of economic growth in developed areas especially significant gap area; short-term per capita income of residents is widening, but regional wage differentials eased; with the long-term total output and employment will increase to speed up the west to the east of the "catch up"; accelerate the increase of farmers' income and rural labor transfer, promote the convergence of food consumption of urban and rural residents (7). The results show the environmental spillover effect of Endogenous Agricultural Technology Progress: energy intensive input negative factors to aggravate environmental spillovers through energy efficiency and ease the negative the ability to overflow in backwards; narrow technical progress, technical efficiency improvement, the scale effect has played a positive role, instead of to The decline in prime efficiency is the main short plate.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.3

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