随机供需条件下装配商的订购—定价决策模型

发布时间：2018-03-06 01:00

  本文选题：供应链管理　切入点：随机供需　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在竞争激烈的消费类电子产品制造业中,产品生命周期缩短、行业利润不断下降、需求有较大随机性、上游供应风险也愈加突出,装配商的存亡与成败取决于其是否能及时推出新产品以响应市场变化并尽可能匹配供应与需求。因此,装配商的订购与定价决策对于其生存与发展起着至关重要的作用。消费类电子产品由成百上千种零部件组成,具有一定时尚性的新产品中必有新的定制零部件,此类定制件过期不可用,并且此类定制件的工艺设计往往也较为独特,生产难度极高,供应量往往存在随机性。而由于新产品的市场需求亦具有不确定性,这些定制零部件很容易出现呆滞库存或缺货的情况。因此,电子产品装配商往往处于零部件供应与产品需求均随机的复杂环境中。在这种背景下,研究随机供需下装配商的订购与定价决策优化模型对于尽可能实现供需平衡、提升企业的竞争力具有重要的现实意义。本文考虑一个生产创新型消费电子产品的装配商,针对其供应与需求均存在随机性的特点,以最大化装配商的期望利润为目标,建立关于零部件订购与最终产品定价的非线性随机规划模型,对最优零部件订购策略与最终产品定价进行分析与求解。本文的主要研究工作如下：(1)建立随机供需下装配商的订购决策模型。首先研究仅包含两个零部件的简单系统,刻画最优的订购策略并分析随机供应的影响,在此基础上,将模型扩展到n个零部件以及组装决策,根据问题特性对问题进行分解处理,系统性地给出了一般装配系统中的最优订购策略与组装策略。(2)建立装配商的零部件订购-最终产品定价联合决策模型。考虑价格依赖的需求与随机供应,在订购决策模型的基础上针对确定需求与随机需求两种情况分别建立模型。根据问题特性将以+l维的模型进行分解和降维,得出二维的订购-定价决策优化模型,然后固定一维而求解另一维的寻优路径来求解全局最优解。(3)设计相应的数值实验,重点考察随机供应与需求对最优订购-定价的影响。聚焦于随机供应,将产能均值的增大解释为供应商投资新的生产线或者是承诺加班加点、将产能方差降低解释为供应商加强对生产设备的预防性维护或加强对工人的培训教育以减少操作失误等、将产能均值与方差同时增大解释为供应商将业务外包给多个二级供应商,联系实际做出合理的解释并给管理者提供建议与启示。最后,以某手机厂商为例,抽象现实问题,对比本文模型方法与当前方法的优劣与适用性。本研究对随机供需条件下的订购与定价这一难题进行了有益的探索,所建立的模型与所运用的求解方法有利于深化不确定环境下运营管理的相关理论研究,所得的最优决策结论以及相关分析将对消费类电子产品以及具有短生命周期的其它产品的生产商有较高的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Consumer electronics products in the fierce competition in the manufacturing industry, shortened product life cycle, industry profits continue to decline, demand has great randomness, the risk of upstream supply has become increasingly prominent, and the survival depends on whether it can assemblers timely introduction of new products in response to changes in the market supply and demand, and as far as possible. Therefore, order and pricing decision taking assembly plays a crucial role in the survival and development of consumer electronic products. By hundreds of parts, the new product has a certain fashion in there will be new custom parts, such customized expired is not available, and the process design of customized parts often are relatively unique. The production is very difficult, supply often are random. Due to the market demand for new products has uncertainty, these custom parts are prone to sluggish stock or out of stock The electronic product assembly. Therefore, operators often in parts supply and product demand are random in the complex environment. In this context, the research of Stochastic Supply and demand assembly's order and pricing decision model to achieve the balance of supply and demand as much as possible, has the important practical significance to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. This paper considers an assembler production of innovative consumer electronic products, for the supply and demand are the characteristics of randomness, the maximum assembly's expected profit as the goal, to establish a parts ordering non linear stochastic programming model and final product pricing, the optimal ordering strategy of parts and final products pricing are analyzed and solved. The main research work this paper is as follows: (1) ordering decision model of supply and demand. Taking random assembly simple system firstly only contains two parts, characterize the optimal 鐨勮�㈣喘绛栫暐骞跺垎鏋愰殢鏈轰緵搴旂殑褰卞摚�

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