农业国际投资规则演进及中国的应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 19:35

  本文选题：国际投资　切入点：国际规则　出处：《中国农业科学院》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2008年粮食危机之后掀起的跨国农业投资热潮给全球粮食安全、减贫及农村发展等领域带来了复杂的经济、政治和伦理道德影响。在发达国家和民间团体的推动下,国际社会加快制定农业领域的国际规则来约束和管理农业国际投资行为。中国目前正处于对外投资加速发展阶段,对国际投资规则的体系和机理不熟悉,相关规则制定过程中缺乏足够的中国声音,导致中国企业在国外开展农业投资遭遇更多更复杂的阻力,既面临经济和法律风险,也承受负面的社会舆论和道德压力。深入分析国际农业投资规则的价值取向、法理依据和技术体系,积极主动参与国际农业投资规则的谈判磋商进程,妥善维护中国发展空间和环境,对促进中国现阶段和未来更好地开展对外农业投资具有非常重要的理论和现实意义。在此背景下,本研究以国际农业投资规则演进及其应对策略为研究对象,综合运用国际政治学、经济学、国际法学等多学科的研究方法,以对外直接投资、国家利益等理论为基础,引入双层博弈、Logistic等模型方法,解析了国际农业投资规则的构成体系及其发展趋势,探讨了国际农业投资规则的磋商与谈判过程,继而在分析中国对外农业投资特征与投资意愿、中国农业国际投资环境与规则困境的基础上,提出了中国参与国际农业投资规则制定的具体策略与途径。本文深入研究了国际农业投资规则体系构成、利益博弈与中国应对策略,是对中国外交由问题导向向话语权导向的直接响应,也是对既有研究侧重关注农业“走出去”的一种发展,同时还可为发展农业对外直接投资理论提供参考。主要研究内容与结论如下:(1)解析了国际农业投资规则的构成体系及其演变趋势。研究表明,国际农业投资规则体系分为四个层面,包括构成国际规则体系基础的各国法律制度、双边涉农投资条约和协定、区域层面涉农国际投资法规、多边涉农投资国际规则。近年来发展中国家对农业外部投资需求迫切,跨国投资引发全球农业资源和市场利益重新分配,在发达国家的主导下,国际农业投资规则日趋复杂和严格,呈现条款法制化、覆盖全面化、投资自由化等趋势,这些规则对农业国际投资行为产生了十分直接和关键的影响。(2)以中美投资协定谈判和多边农业投资规则谈判进程为例,探讨了国际农业投资规则的磋商与形成过程。研究表明,农业投资国际规则通常遵循酝酿、授权、磋商、批准、实施等一系列程序,争取国家利益最大化是各方博弈的焦点,各方国内及国外不同利益集团的相互竞争与合作,通过多方参与的双层博弈以实现更多收益。中国现已成为国际投资规则制定中不可或缺的利益相关方,中国在参与规则制定中的立场复杂,既需考虑吸引外资,同时又要考虑保护国内农业产业免受冲击,维护基本经营制度和农业竞争力,还要积极争取对外投资的利益和空间,寻求有利的国际投资环境。(3)分析了中国农业对外投资特征、投资意愿与投资环境。研究表明,中国农业对外投资发展迅速,全方位对外投资格局初步形成,但目前投资情况差异较大,行业发展参差不齐,对外农业投资水平和效益仍需进一步提升。对中国企业开展农业国际投资意愿的影响因素分析表明,农业企业、非央企类企业、成立时间较晚的企业等投资意愿较强,而是否龙头企业、企业注册类型、企业规模、境外企业类别对投资意愿的影响不显著。典型案例分析表明,能够主动适应国际规则的中国企业在外运营良好,而不少企业遭受较大的规则困境。(4)探讨了中国参与农业国际投资规则制定的利益目标和实现途径。为维护中国对外农业投资利益和环境,中国政府应当更积极、更高效地参与相关国际农业投资规则谈判,特别是按照国际规则的制定和发展规律,灵活运用双层博弈方法,努力扩大与对方博弈的获胜集合,在合理空间内最大程度实现国家利益,并引导企业规范海外农业投资经营,加强对企业的投资指导和服务保障。通过对中国企业运用规则开展对外农业投资的战略分析,当前国际投资约束加大、标准提高,中国企业适应国际规则开展投资能力较弱,总体上应采取扭转型策略,以扭转劣势、抓住机遇为基本出发点,加强优势、控制风险,从而提升农业对外投资水平。
[Abstract]:Set off after the 2008 food crisis, multinational agricultural investment boom to global food security, poverty reduction and rural development has brought a complex economic, political and moral influence. In the developed countries and non-governmental organizations, the international community to speed up the international rules in the field of agriculture and agricultural management to restrict international investment behavior China. Foreign investment is currently in the stage of accelerated development, the system and mechanism of the international investment rules are not familiar with the relevant rules in the process of making the lack of China sound enough, resulting in China enterprises in foreign investment in agriculture to carry out encounter more complex resistance, facing both economic and legal risk, also bear the negative public opinion of social and moral pressure value. The orientation of in-depth analysis of the international rules of agricultural investment, legal basis and technical system, and actively participate in international negotiations into the rules of agricultural investment The process, to properly maintain China development space and environment, to promote has very important theoretical and practical significance Chinese at this stage and in the future to better carry out foreign investment in agriculture. Under this background, based on the evolution of agricultural international investment rules and strategies as the research object, the integrated use of international politics, economics, international law and other research methods many subjects, with foreign direct investment, the national interests theory, introducing double game, Logistic model method, a system of international agricultural investment rules analysis and its development trend, discusses the process of consultations and negotiations of international rules of agricultural investment, and in the analysis of China foreign agricultural investment characteristics and investment intentions, based China agricultural investment environment and international rules on the difficulties, and puts forward some concrete strategies and ways of Chinese to participate in the international rules of agricultural investment. This paper make deep The research of system of international agricultural investment rules, the interests of the game and strategy is China response, direct response to China diplomatic problem oriented to right oriented, but also on the existing research focus on the development of an agricultural "going out", but also can provide a reference for the development of agricultural foreign direct investment theory. The main research the contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) a system of international agricultural investment rules analysis and its evolvement. The research results show that the system of international agricultural investment rules are divided into four levels, including the country's legal system constitute the basis for the international system of rules, bilateral investment treaties and agreements related to agriculture, agricultural regional level international investment law, international multilateral rules agricultural investment in developing countries in recent years. The agricultural external investment demand urgent, transnational investment triggered a global agricultural resources and market interest redistribution in developed countries Under the leadership of the international rules of agricultural investment is becoming more and more complicated and strict, showing the terms of legal system, comprehensive coverage, investment liberalization trend, the impact of these rules is very direct and key of agricultural international investment behavior. (2) to the Sino US negotiations on investment agreements and multilateral investment rules of agricultural negotiation process as an example, discusses the the international rules of agricultural investment consultation and formation process. The study shows that the international rules of agricultural investment usually follow the brewing, authorization, consultation and approval, the implementation of a series of procedures, and strive to maximize the national interest is the focus of the game, mutual competition and cooperation between the parties to the domestic and foreign various interest groups, through participating in double game to achieve more revenue. China has now become an international investment rulemaking indispensable stakeholders, China position in participate in rule making in complex, not only need to consider to attract Foreign investment, while also considering the protection of domestic agricultural industry from the impact of basic management system and maintain the competitiveness of agriculture, but also to actively seek foreign investment and the interests of space, seeking a favorable international environment for investment. (3) analyzed the characteristics of Chinese agricultural foreign investment, investment environment and investment intention. The study shows that the Chinese agricultural foreign investment develops quickly the full range of foreign investment, initially formed, but the investment is different, the industry development is uneven, the level and efficiency of foreign investment in agriculture needs further improvement. Factors affecting agricultural international investment willingness on China enterprise analysis shows that the non agricultural enterprises, the central enterprises enterprises, will set up late enterprise investment is strong. But whether the leading enterprises, registered enterprise type, enterprise scale, enterprise category on the impact of foreign investment will not significant. The typical case analysis shows that, To adapt to the international rules of the Chinese enterprises in the operational good, and many enterprises suffer greater difficulties. (Rule 4) and Realization of the Chinese in agricultural international investment rules. In order to safeguard the interests Chinese way of foreign agricultural investment interests and the environment, Chinese government should be more active, more efficient participation in international agriculture negotiations on investment rules, especially in accordance with the formulation and development of international law rules, flexible use of two-level game methods, efforts to expand the set and win each other game in a reasonable space, maximizing the interests of the state, and guide the agricultural investment overseas business norms, to strengthen corporate investment guidance and service guarantee. Based on the Chinese enterprise use rules to carry out foreign agricultural investment strategy analysis, the current international investment constraints increase, improve the standard, Chinese enterprises adapt to the international rules to carry out investment In general, we should take the reverse strategy to overcome the disadvantages and seize opportunities as the basic starting point, strengthen the advantages and control risks, so as to raise the level of foreign investment in agriculture.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323;F125
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本文编号：1621388