财政支农促进农业现代化的机理及实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 00:33

本文选题：财政支农　切入点：农业现代化　出处：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：十八大提出“坚持走中国特色新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化道路”、“促进工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展”,农业现代化是“四化同步”中不可或缺的关键环节。作为促进农业发展的有效手段,财政支农是实现农业现代化的重要支撑。充分发挥财政支农资金对农业现代化的促进作用对实现农业现代化意义重大。本文首先根据农业现代化的特征内涵指标建了农业现代化评价的指标体系,基于World Bank WDI Database(1960-2012年)的统计数据,通过因子分析法对世界200多个国家和地区的农业现代化发展水平进行综合评价,发现中国农业现代化位于世界中等水平。进一步的比较发现,中国农业科技水平、农业产出效率、农业的集约化分别是世界平均水平的49.5%、63.6%、41.1%,与世界领先水平差距甚远。农业科技水平、产出效率和农业的集约化水平成为我国农业现代化的重要制约。进一步,通过对财政支农促进农业现代化的机理分析,本文系统分析了财政支农影响农业现代化的传导路径。这种路径表现为一方面,财政支农从投资的角度增加了农业的产出,促进了农民的增收,另一方面,财政支农通过发挥杠杆效应和乘数效应,促进了农业的产业升级和技术进步,第三,财政支农中导向性的发展策略,包括与之相伴的阶段性农业扶持政策,在不同阶段对于环境保护、集约化发展等起到了至关重要的作用。而后两者,正是农业现代化的根本表现。从农业现代化的内涵来看,农业科技化、农业效率、农业集约化与农业生态化这四大本质特征在不同的地区以及不同的发展阶段都曾经写入财政支农的具体规划中。在对财政支农现状分析的基础上,本文基于中国1990-2012年的统计数据,检验了财政支农的三种方式对农业现代化的四个维度的影响,发现财政支农方式对农业现代化的不同维度具有不同的效应。农业基本建设支出、农业科技三项费用以及支援农业生产支出和各项农业事业费对农业科技化、农业效率、农业集约化以及农业生态化的影响是不一致的。这从实证的角度有力的支持了财政支农能够有效促进农业现代化的基本结论。接着,本文分别选取了具有代表性的发达国家与发展中国家作为研究目标,分析财政支农的发展和变化。经验研究的结论表明,财政支农水平与经济发展水平呈现倒U型关系,拐点在农业GDP占GDP总量5%-8%之间;当人均GDP达到8000美元的经济发展阶段,美国、日本、欧盟等农业投入占农业GDP的比重约为50%左右;用PSE方法来评价各国财政支农政策的内部结构趋势发现,从长期来看,生产者支持等值是下降的,消费者支持等值是提高的,一般服务支持等值则呈现出持续波动的状态;WTO规则客观上要求建立更完善、有效、符合国际规则的补贴政策,财政支农需要逐步从以农业直接补贴为代表的黄箱政策向以技术补贴、环境保护补贴为代表的绿箱政策转移。这些结论与本文机理和实证的研究观点是基本一致的。最后,本文结合理论和实证研究的结论,从财政支农规模优化、财政支农结构优化与财政支农目标绩效三个方面提出了提出了优化财政支农制度,促进农业现代化的对策与建议。
[Abstract]:Eighteen proposed Chinese adhere to the characteristics of the new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization road "," to promote industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization development, agricultural modernization is the key link to the four modernizations synchronization ". As an effective means to promote agricultural development, financial support is an important support for agriculture modernization. Fully play the role of promoting the financial fund for agriculture on agricultural modernization of great significance to realize the modernization of agriculture. According to the evaluation index system of agricultural modernization construction characteristic and connotation of agricultural modernization index, World Bank WDI Database (1960-2012) based on the statistical data, through factor analysis of more than 200 countries and regions in the world comprehensive evaluation of the level of development of agricultural modernization, agricultural modernization Chinese found in the middle of world further. The results show that the level of agricultural science and technology China, agricultural production efficiency, intensive agriculture are the world's average level of 49.5%, 63.6%, 41.1%, far ahead of the world. The gap between the level of agricultural science and technology level, the level of intensive agricultural production efficiency and become an important restricting China's agricultural modernization. Furthermore, through the analysis of the mechanism of financial support for agriculture to promote agricultural modernization, this paper analyses the conduction path of agricultural modernization agriculture. The impact of fiscal performance for the path on the one hand, financial support for agriculture to increase agricultural output from the perspective of investment, promote the increase of farmers' income, on the other hand, financial support through the leverage effect and multiplier effect, promote the industry upgrading and technological progress, agriculture third, development strategy oriented financial support funds, including the associated with the stage of agricultural support policies in different stages for environment protection. Nursing, intensive development plays a vital role. The latter two, is the fundamental performance of agricultural modernization. From the connotation of agricultural modernization, agricultural technology, agricultural efficiency, specific planning of intensive agriculture and agricultural ecology of the four essential features in different regions and different stages of development have been written the financial support for agriculture. Based on the analysis of fiscal situation, this paper China 1990-2012 years based on the statistical data, test the effects of three ways of financial support of the four dimensions of agricultural modernization, found the way of financial support for agriculture in different dimensions of agricultural modernization has different effects. The agricultural basic construction expenditure, agricultural science and technology three cost and expenditure for supporting agricultural production and the agricultural undertakings of agricultural technology, agricultural efficiency, effect of intensive agriculture and agricultural ecology is not a By this. From the perspective of empirical and strong support for the fiscal basic conclusion can effectively promote the modernization of agriculture. Then, this paper selects a representative of the developed countries and the developing countries as the research object, analysis of the financial support of the development and changes. The empirical research shows that fiscal expenditure level and the level of economic development shows U, the inflection point in agriculture GDP accounted for between GDP total 5%-8%; when per capita GDP reached $8000 in the stage of economic development, the United States, Japan, the proportion of agricultural GDP, EU agricultural investment is about 50%; use the PSE method to evaluate the internal structure of the trend of fiscal policies of other countries, in the long run, producer support the equivalent is declining, consumer support is equivalent to improve the general service support is equivalent showing a continuous wave state; WTO rule objectively requires the establishment of a more perfect. The effect, in accordance with international rules of fiscal subsidy policy, need to step by step from the agricultural direct subsidy as the representative of the yellow box policy to technology subsidies, subsidies for environmental protection on behalf of the green box policy transfer. These conclusions and the mechanism and empirical research view is basically the same. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is a combination of theory and empirical research from the scale of financial support for agriculture, optimization, three aspects of fiscal and structural optimization of fiscal performance is proposed to optimize the fiscal support system, countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the modernization of agriculture.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F812.8

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