中国林产工业循环经济标准体系构建

发布时间：2018-06-25 14:16

本文选题：林产工业 + 循环经济　；参考：《中国林业科学研究院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：在林产工业资源供给压力剧增、质量安全环保要求提升、节能减排要求提高以及企业利润空间缩小等压力的作用下,林产工业必须走绿色循环发展之路,大力发展林产工业循环经济。林产工业循环经济标准体系是发展林产工业循环经济的基础性和统领性工作,也是林产工业转型升级的重要工具。目前林产工业循环经济技术标准散乱、关键技术标准缺乏、标准体系不健全,难以适应林产工业循环经济转型升级的需求。本论文以林产工业循环经济为研究对象,开展中国林产工业循环经济标准体系构建研究,对推动我国林产工业循环经济发展具有重要意义。本论文运用文献分析、调查研究、对比研究、系统工程、总结归纳等研究方法,在分析中国林产工业发展与林产工业循环经济发展现状、国外林产工业循环经济标准现状的基础上,以国际先进标准为参照,构建中国林产工业循环经济标准体系框架,编制标准体系明细表,确定急需标准名录,提出中国林产工业循环经济标准化工作对策建议。其主要研究内容及主要结论如下:(1)中国林产工业发展现状分析。对中国林产工业主要产品产量、进出口情况、企业数量、企业资产、企业利润等分析发现,锯材、人造板、木竹地板、木浆、纸浆、纸和纸板、松香、松节油产量不断增加,而栲胶、紫胶产品主要受国际市场影响大,波动变化较大;原木产量不断下降,国内木材原料供应紧张的矛盾更加严峻;林产工业产品进出口贸易总额总体保持增长;中国林产工业企业数量、资产总额、利润总额总体呈上涨趋势,但从2012年开始,单位企业利润和资产利润率开始不断下降,表明企业获利能力进入一个瓶颈期。加快发展林产工业循环经济,将成为提高企业生产效益的重要选择。(2)中国林产工业循环经济现状分析。对中国林产工业循环经济的能源消耗、主要污染物排放、资源化、再利用等现状进行分析发现:中国林产工业能源消耗逐年增加;2014年林产工业能耗总量占全国制造业能源消费总量的2.41%,总体能耗相对不高,其中纸浆和造纸对能源消耗相对较大。林产工业的能源结构不尽合理,煤炭消耗占比很大;从2005年到2015年,中国林产工业主要污染物排放总量逐年增加,环境污染形势相对严峻,其中纸浆和造纸行业污染相对较严重;中国林产工业循环经济资源化和再利用产业发展空间较大,亟需政府加大政策引导和扶持。(3)国外林产工业循环经济相关标准分析。搜集、整理国际标准化组织以及欧洲、英国、法国、美国、日本等发达国家林产工业循环经济标准269项,其中减量化标准204项,再利用标准1项,资源化标准64项。对林产工业循环经济ISO国际标准、欧洲标准与相关国家标准的特点进行分析。研究发现,国际上高度重视有毒有害物质控制、木材防腐、软木产品和测试方法、能源管理、生物质固体燃料标准。国外先进标准分析研究为构建中国林产工业循环经济标准体系提供了重要参考。(4)中国林产工业循环经济标准体系构建研究。以国家标准GB/T 13016-2009《标准体系表编制原则和要求》以及相关法律、法规为依据,结合中国林产工业循环经济产业特征,参考国外林产工业循环经济标准,提出了中国林产工业循环经济标准体系构建的原则、方法,构建了林产工业循环经济标准体系框架,编制了林产工业循环经济标准体系明细表。中国林产工业循环经济标准体系框架划分为“基础与综合、节材、节水、节能、清洁生产、有害物质控制、再利用、废固资源化、废水及工业余热资源化”等9个子体系。中国林产工业循环经济标准体系明细表中共计449项标准,其中基础与综合标准69项,节材标准111项,节水标准7项,节能标准76项,清洁生产标准24项,有害物质控制标准68项,再利用标准6项,废固资源化标准83项,废水及工业余热资源化标准5项。提出了近期急需制定的林产工业循环经济标准43项。(5)中国林产工业循环经济标准化发展对策建议研究。针对中国林产工业循环经济标准化工作存在的问题,提出了建立林产工业循环经济标准制定协调机制,加大林产工业循环经济标准的研制力度,发展企业标准和团体标准、扩大林产工业循环经济标准供给,适应标准化深化改革需要、提升林产工业循环经济标准化服务能力,加强林产工业循环经济标准化人才队伍建设等5条对策建议。
[Abstract]:The forest production industry must take the road of green circulation development and vigorously develop the circular economy of the forest production industry under the pressure of increasing pressure on the supply of forest industry resources, the requirements for improving the quality, safety and environmental protection, the improvement of energy saving and emission reduction and the reduction of the profit space of the enterprise. The circular economy of forest production industry is the development of the circular economy of the forest industry. The basic and command work is also an important tool for the transformation and upgrading of the forest industry. At present, the technical standards of the circular economy of the forest industry are scattered, the key technical standards are lacking, and the standard system is not perfect. It is difficult to adapt to the demand for the transformation and upgrading of the circular economy of the forest industry. The research on the construction of industrial circular economy standard system is of great significance for promoting the development of circular economy in China's forestry industry. This paper uses literature analysis, investigation, comparative study, systematic engineering, summary and induction, and analyzes the development of Chinese forestry industry and the development of circular economy in forestry industry. On the basis of the current situation of the economic standard, the standard system framework of China's forest production industry is constructed with the reference of advanced international standards, the detailed list of standard system is compiled, the urgent standard list is determined and the countermeasures and suggestions for the standardization work of China's forestry industry recycling economy are put forward. The main contents and main conclusions are as follows: (1) Chinese forest production workers Analysis of the current situation of industry development. The analysis of the main product production, import and export situation, the number of enterprises, enterprise assets, enterprise profit and so on found that the output of sawn timber, wood-based board, wood bamboo flooring, wood pulp, pulp, paper and cardboard, rosin and turpentine are increasing, and tannin tannin and lac products are mainly influenced by the international market, and the fluctuation has changed greatly; The output of wood is declining, the contradiction between the supply of wood raw materials is more severe, the total amount of import and export trade of forest product industry keeps increasing; the number of enterprises, the total assets and the total profit of China's forestry industry are generally rising, but the profit and the profit rate of the enterprises begin to decline continuously from 2012, indicating the enterprises An important choice to accelerate the development of the circular economy of the forest industry will be an important choice to improve the production efficiency of the enterprises. (2) the analysis of the current situation of the circular economy in China's forestry industry. The energy consumption of the industry is increasing year by year; the total energy consumption of the forest industry in 2014 accounts for 2.41% of the total energy consumption of the national manufacturing industry. The overall energy consumption is relatively low. The energy consumption of pulp and paper paper is relatively large. The energy structure of the forest industry is not reasonable and the coal consumption is very large; from 2005 to 2015, the major pollutants in China's forest industry are the major pollutants. The total emissions increase year by year, the environmental pollution situation is relatively severe, among which the pulp and paper industry pollution is relatively serious; China's forestry industry recycling economy resources and reuse industry development space is larger, the government needs to increase the government policy guidance and support. (3) the analysis of related standards of foreign forestry industry recycling economy, collection and arrangement of international standards In the developed countries and Europe, Britain, France, the United States, Japan and other developed countries, there are 269 standards for the circular economy of the developed countries, including 204 reduction standards, 1 reuse standards and 64 resource standards. The characteristics of ISO international standards, European standards and related national standards are analyzed. According to the control of toxic and harmful substances, wood preservative, cork products and testing methods, energy management, biomass solid fuel standard. Foreign advanced standard analysis and research provide important reference for the construction of the Chinese forest product industrial circular economy standard system. (4) the construction of China's forestry industrial cycle economic standard system. The national standard GB/T 13016-20 09< standard system table compilation principle and requirements > as well as relevant laws and regulations as the basis, combined with the characteristics of the industrial circular economy in China's forest production industry, and referring to the foreign forest production industrial circular economy standard, the principles and methods for the construction of the circular economy standard system of China's forest production industry are put forward, and the framework of the standard system of circular economy of the forest industry has been constructed. The standard system of the circular economy standard system of forestry industry is divided into 9 sub systems: "basic and comprehensive, timber saving, water-saving, energy saving, clean production, control of harmful substances, reuse, waste solid resource, waste water and industrial waste heat resource". There are 449 standards, including 69 basic and comprehensive standards, 111 standards, 7 water saving standards, 76 energy saving standards, 24 clean production standards, 68 hazardous material control standards, 83 reuse standards, 83 waste solid resource standards, 5 items of waste water and industrial waste heat resources, which are urgently needed in the near future. 43 items of circular economy standard. (5) countermeasures and suggestions on the development of circular economy standardization in China's forestry industry. In view of the problems existing in the standardization of circular economy in China's forestry industry, the establishment of a coordination mechanism for establishing the standard of circular economy in the forest industry is put forward, the development of the development of the standard of circular economy in the forest industry, the development of the standards and groups of enterprises are developed. 5 countermeasures and suggestions are made to expand the standard of the forest production industry, to expand the standard supply of the circular economy in the forest industry, to meet the needs of the standardization of the reform, to improve the standard service capacity of the circular economy in the forest industry, and to strengthen the construction of the standardized talent team in the circular economy of the forest industry.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.8

【相似文献】