食物中碳水化合物和蛋白质的比例对黄粉虫生长和寿命的影响

发布时间：2018-01-01 03:11

本文关键词：食物中碳水化合物和蛋白质的比例对黄粉虫生长和寿命的影响　出处：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：限制或适当减少食物摄入对健康和寿命延长有好处的认识自古就有。在这一百年的研究历史中,到底是减少食物总量,还是减少食物中的蛋白质含量,还是减少食物中的总热量更有利于人或动物的健康和寿命延长在学术届一直存在争论。上世纪中期McCay等人用只限制动物摄入的食物总量而不减少其摄入的蛋白质质量的方法得出了同样能够延长动物寿命的结果,进而推论出是由于动物摄入的热量减少而不是蛋白质量减少而延长了动物的寿命。此后,热量限制(calorie restriction,CR)一词几乎完全代表了所有的限制饮食(dietary restriction,DR)。然而,在上世纪的中后期就有人用实验证明不用限制动物的取食量,而只减少动物食物中某种必需氨基酸(如色氨酸或甲硫氨酸)的摄入就可以延长动物的寿命同时,人们还发现,不限制动物的饮食,只把食物中的蛋白质含量从20%左右降低到4%,同样可以明显地延长动物的寿命。我们发现在这一百年的研究中,有几个课题组的人曾报道降低食物中的蛋白质与碳水化合物的比例,即使不限制动物摄取食物,也可以延长动物的寿命。为验证食物中碳水化合物与蛋白质的比例到底影响不影响动物的健康和寿命,以及怎样对其健康产生影响,我们选用直接以植物成分为食的黄粉虫为实验对象,设计了不同碳水化合物与蛋白质比例的食物饲养黄粉虫,证明了不同碳水化合物与蛋白质比例的食物确实影响黄粉虫的生长和一些生理生化指标的改变。以不含蛋白质的地瓜淀粉、含蛋白质比例较低的地瓜粉及蛋白质含量适中的普通食物玉米粉分别作为基础食物成分,对食物中分别添加2%及20%的动物蛋白或植物蛋白,对黄粉虫的生长情况、体重增加情况、消化道淀粉酶活性和纤维素酶活性等进行了比较研究,得出结论:?高蛋白含量的食物促进黄粉虫快速生长、快速衰老,低蛋白则使黄粉虫生长较慢、衰老较慢;?动物蛋白较植物蛋白能更快促进生长和衰老;?另外还用组织学技术对黄粉虫消化道组织结构进行了研究。我们的实验也填补了本领域内在无脊椎动物类似实验研究中某些生物学表观指标和生理生化指标的空白,也避免了之前本领域所报道的类似实验采用酵母、线虫或果蝇这些非理想实验动物的困扰。另外,在实验中我们还对黄粉虫消化道的显微结构进行了观察研究。
[Abstract]:Understanding the limitations or appropriate to reduce the intake of food is good for health and longevity since ancient times. In the history of the past one hundred years, in the end is to reduce the total food, or reduce the protein content in the food, health and life or reduce food in total calories is more conducive to the human or animal has been extended in the academic session about the middle of the last century. McCay et al only limit the total amount of food intake of animal without reducing their intake of protein quality that can also extend the life of the animal, and then infer that the animal is due to intake of calories rather than reduce protein quality and extended the life of the animal. Since then, calorie restriction (calorie restriction in a word, CR) almost completely represent all restricted diet (dietary restriction, DR). However, in the last century in the late have been used on the experiment indicated that no Animal feeding amount limit, but only reduce animal food in some essential amino acids (such as tryptophan or methionine intake) also can prolong the life of the animal, it is also found that not only the limitation of the animal's diet, protein content in food is reduced from about 20% to 4%, the same can prolong the animal life. We found that in the one hundred years studied, there are few research group had reported lower protein and carbohydrate foods in the proportion, if not to limit the intake of animal food, also can prolong life. For the animal inspection certificate of carbohydrate and protein in food proportion in the end does not affect the health and life of the animal. And how to impact on the health, we choose directly to the plant components feeding Tenebrio molitor as the experimental object, design the different proportion of carbohydrate and protein food feeding Tenebrio molitor, proved that different proportion of carbohydrate and protein food does affect the growth of Tenebrio molitor and some physiological and biochemical changes. The sweet potato starch protein free medium, powder and protein content of sweet potato protein containing a lower proportion of ordinary corn flour were used as food based food ingredients, on 2% and 20% were added in food animal protein and plant protein, the growth of Tenebrio molitor, weight gain, digestive amylase and cellulase activity were studied, the conclusion:? High protein content of food to promote rapid growth of rapid aging, Tenebrio molitor, low protein makes Tenebrio grow slower and slower senescence; animal protein with plant protein? To promote faster growth and senescence;? In addition to using histological techniques on the structure of digestive tract of Tenebrio molitor were studied. Our experiments also fill in Fill the field of internal invertebrates in experimental study of some biological indexes and apparent physiological and biochemical indexes of blank, also avoided a similar experiment before the field reported by yeast, worms or flies these non ideal experimental animal problems. In addition, in the experiment we also of Tenebrio molitor digestive tract morphology was observed study.

【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151.41

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