黑龙江省A市2010-2015年煤矿工人尘肺发病现状研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 23:08

本文关键词：黑龙江省A市2010-2015年煤矿工人尘肺发病现状研究　出处：《黑龙江中医药大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：煤炭产业作为黑龙江第二产业的重要组成部分,属于A市的支柱行业,在A市的能源结构中占主体地位,煤工尘肺是目前A市最常见和最主要的职业病。煤工尘肺可以预防,不能够治愈,且病情不可逆转,一旦罹患给家庭带来严重的经济负担和精神负担,给社会带来不稳定因素。煤工尘肺合并症以呼吸系统感染为主,同时易合并肺结核、肺心病、气胸等并发症,这些并发症加重病情的进展。分析2010-2015年黑龙江省A市煤工尘肺的发病现状以及发病特征,分析A市煤工尘肺防治上存在的问题,旨在探索防控关键点,为制定管理措施提供参考依据。煤工尘肺发病总体呈上升趋势,患者以中青年为主。主掘进工种是发病最多的工种,说明此工种的作业环境条件没有达到煤工尘肺预防和控制的要求,主掘进工种是尘肺防控的薄弱环节。尘肺病例多发生在中小型企业,地方小型煤矿发病较多,从业和发病以男性为主,中年患者居多,外地务工者比本地务工者多,多为文化水平不高的农民工。高期别的尘肺病患者,晋期进程快。煤矿工人长期接触作业场所过高浓度的粉尘,可加速煤工尘肺发病或加快晋期。建议有关部门健全防控机制,完善相关法律,制定发展规划,加大执法力度;从源头控制,加强宣传教育,从而改善企业淡漠法律的状况,增进煤矿工人的自我健康保护意识;积极开展煤工尘肺的职业健康评估和预警,尽量减少尘肺病相关事故的发生;同时能鼓励科研,不断增强防治水平,改善我国尘肺病高发的现状。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the secondary industry in Heilongjiang, coal industry belongs to the pillar industry of A city, and occupies the main position in the energy structure of A city. Coal worker pneumoconiosis is the most common and main occupational disease in A city at present. Coal worker pneumoconiosis can be prevented, can not be cured, and the disease is irreversible. Coal worker pneumoconiosis is mainly caused by respiratory system infection, and it is easy to be complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary heart disease, pneumothorax and other complications. These complications aggravate the progress of the disease. From 2010 to 2015, this paper analyzed the present situation and characteristics of coal worker pneumoconiosis in A city of Heilongjiang province, and analyzed the problems in prevention and treatment of coal worker pneumoconiosis in A city. The purpose of this study was to explore the key points of prevention and control and to provide reference basis for the formulation of management measures. The incidence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis was on the whole rising, and the patients were mainly young and middle-aged. The main heading work was the most common type of work. It shows that the working environment of this kind of work does not meet the requirements of prevention and control of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The main heading work is the weak link of pneumoconiosis prevention and control. The cases of pneumoconiosis often occur in small and medium-sized enterprises and local small coal mines have more incidence. Employment and morbidity mainly male, middle-aged patients in the majority, migrant workers in the field than local workers, mostly for migrant workers with a low level of education. Other pneumoconiosis patients at higher stage. Coal miners contact with excessive high concentration of dust in the workplace for a long time, which can accelerate the onset of pneumoconiosis or accelerate the Jin period. It is suggested that the relevant departments should improve the prevention and control mechanism, improve the relevant laws, and formulate development plans. Strengthening law enforcement; From the source control, strengthen propaganda and education, so as to improve the status of indifference to the law in enterprises, and enhance the awareness of self-health protection of coal miners; To actively carry out occupational health assessment and early warning of coal workers' pneumoconiosis to reduce the occurrence of accidents related to pneumoconiosis as far as possible; At the same time, it can encourage scientific research, strengthen the level of prevention and treatment, and improve the current situation of high incidence of pneumoconiosis in China.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135.2

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