德州市2011-2015年居民死因监测结果与疾病负担分析

发布时间：2018-01-07 07:05

本文关键词：德州市2011-2015年居民死因监测结果与疾病负担分析　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景近年来,伴随着经济快速的发展、社会环境不断的变化以及居民生活方式的悄然改变,居民疾病谱和死亡谱也发生了相应变化,由心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤等慢性非传染性疾病引起的死亡所占比例不断增加。死因监测的数据作为合理配置卫生资源的一项基础性资料,对评价某个地区居民总体健康水平具有非常重要作用,而对死因数据进行的系统分析是反映居民健康水平的重要内容之一,可以获得一个地区居民的病伤死亡水平、死亡原因及变化趋势,为疾病预防控制工作明确优先方向,为制定卫生策略和措施提供科学依据。德州市于2005年在武城县启动了以死因监测为主要内容的疾病监测试点工作,是山东省省级疾病监测网的组成部分,到2011年德州市死因监测工作扩大到了全市11县市区。从2012年开始,德州市疾控中心加强对县市区死因监测工作的培训和督导,确保了死因监测数据的数量和质量逐年提高。本研究对2011-2015年山东省德州市死因监测数据进行分析,了解影响德州市居民健康和寿命的主要疾病及其危害程度,寻找影响德州市居民健康的主要卫生问题,为卫生行政部门制定针对性的政策提供参考依据。研究目的了解2011-2015年5年间德州市居民死亡水平、主要死亡原因及变化趋势,寻找影响德州市居民健康的主要卫生问题,为制定有针对性的疾病预防控制策略提供相应的政策依据。资料与方法按照死亡日期为1月1日至12月31日、户籍地址德州、已审核等条件,由中国疾病预防控制中心死因登记报告系统导出2011、2012、2013、2014、2015年数据,人口数据来自国家统计局。采用国际疾病分类ICD-10进行根本死因编码。采用2010年全国人口普查数据计算标化死亡率。采用Excel2007和SPSS18.0软件对数据进行整理和分析,采用描述性统计方法计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死亡构成比、死因顺位等指标。研究结果2011-2015年德州市总人口 28330982,其中男性14385561人,女性13945421人,男女性别相对比1.03:1,与2000年山东省人口普查数据相比,儿童负担系数下降明显,老年人负担系数上升。通过对五年间死因数据进行统计分析可以得到:(1)德州市2011-2015年总人群粗死亡率610.62/10万,标化死亡率为428.10/10万,男性与女性相比,无论是粗死亡还是标化死亡率,男性均高于女性;(2)2011-2015年德州市居民前五位死因依次为心脑血管疾病(粗死亡率363.70/10万,构成比59.56%)、恶性肿瘤(粗死亡率115.76/10万,构成比18.96%)、损伤和中毒(粗死亡率36.85/10万,构成比6.04%)、呼吸系统疾病(粗死亡率28.09/10万,构成比4.60%)和消化系统疾病(粗死亡率12.06/10万,构成比1.98%),前五位死因共占总死因的91.14%;(3)2011-2015年德州市因恶性肿瘤死亡的人群中死因顺位前五位的依次是肺癌(粗死亡率22.41/10万)、胃癌(粗死亡率17.47/10万)、肝癌(粗死亡率12.01/10万)、食管癌(粗死亡率7.87/10万)和结直肠癌(粗死亡率4.04/10万);(4)德州市2011-2015年人均期望寿命为78.45岁,其中男性76.13岁,女性80.94岁。结论与对策建议研究分析结果显示,德州市总人群标化死亡率高于全国第三次死因调查的结果,在全省各地级市中位于倒数,死因监测工作仍存在大量漏报;慢性病导致的死亡占总死亡的89.74%,俨然成为导致德州市总人群死亡的最主要危险因素;由于地区环境、人群生活方式和习惯、人口比例等因素影响,三大类疾病各占的比例与山东省同期相比略有差别;前五位死因顺位与山东省全省及省内其他地级市的死因顺位有一定差异,这也体现出了死因顺位具有地区差异的特性。建议:(1)加强群众对慢性非传染性疾病主要危险因素的认识,大力提倡禁烟限酒、健康饮食习惯和科学适当的体育锻炼等健康生活方式;(2)疾病控制关口前移,深入研究心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒等主要死因的环境和社会因素,对危害因素进行动态监测;(3)落实好基本公共卫生项目,建立健全居民健康档案,做好老年人定期体检和高血压、糖尿病人的随访;(4)进一步强化德州市死因监测工作,减少漏报,提高报告质量。
[Abstract]:Background: in recent years, with the rapid economic development, the social environment changes and lifestyle changes quietly, residents of disease and death spectrum is also changed, from cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, chronic non communicable diseases such as malignant tumor death caused by increasing the proportion of death. The monitoring data as a basic data for the rational allocation of health resources, has a very important effect on the evaluation of the overall health of an area residents, system analysis of cause of death data is one of the important contents reflect the health level of residents, residents can obtain a region of the death level, death causes and trends for disease prevention and control work, clear priorities, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of health strategies and measures. The city of Dezhou on 2005 in Wucheng county to start The cause of death monitoring as the main content of the disease monitoring pilot work is part of the Shandong provincial disease surveillance network, Dezhou city in 2011 to monitor the cause of death was extended to the city's 11 counties. From the beginning of 2012, the Dezhou Municipal Center for disease control to strengthen the training and supervision of the counties of death monitoring work, ensure the quality and quantity of death monitoring data the increased year by year. By the analysis of 2011-2015 in Shandong Province, Dezhou City death monitoring data, the main diseases and damage to understand the impact of health and life of the residents of Dezhou City, Dezhou city for the major health problems in people's health, to provide reference and basis for the policy for health administrative departments to investigate the 2011-2015 formulation. The level of death 5 years residents of Dezhou City, the main causes of death and change trend for the major health problems in Dezhou city for residents' health. To develop targeted disease prevention and control strategies to provide policy basis. Materials and methods from January 1st to December 31st according to the date of death, Dezhou has registered address, audit and other conditions, by Chinese Center for Disease Control and prevention of the death registration reporting system derived from 20112012201320142015 data, population data from the National Bureau of statistics. Using the international classification of diseases of ICD-10 root the cause of death. Encoding standardized mortality rate calculated using the 2010 national census data. The data were collected and analyzed using Excel2007 and SPSS18.0 software, using descriptive statistical method to calculate the crude mortality, standardized mortality rate, constituent ratio of death, mortality and other indicators. The results of 2011-2015 years of Dezhou City, the total population of 28330982, including 14385561 men. 13945421 female, male and female sex ratio relative to 1.03:1, compared with the 2000 census data of Shandong Province, children The burden coefficient decreased significantly, rising elderly burden coefficient. Through statistical analysis can be obtained in the five years of data on cause of death: (1) 610.62/10 2011-2015 crude mortality rate of the total population of Dezhou City million, the standardized mortality rate was 428.10/10 million, compared to men and women, either death or crude standardized mortality rate, men are higher than women; (2) Dezhou city residents 2011-2015 years ago, five major causes of death were cerebrovascular diseases (the crude mortality rate of 363.70/10 million, accounting for 59.56%), malignant tumor (crude mortality rate of 115.76/10 million, accounting for 18.96%), injury and poisoning (the crude mortality rate of 36.85/10 million, accounting for 6.04%), respiratory diseases (the crude mortality rate of 28.09/10 million the constituent ratio of 4.60%), and digestive system disease (the crude mortality rate of 12.06/10 million, accounting for 1.98%), the five leading causes of death of 91.14% of the total; (3) 2011-2015 in Dezhou city because of the mortality of malignant tumors and death among the top five Of lung cancer (the crude mortality rate of 22.41/10 million (17.47/10), gastric cancer mortality, liver cancer (000) the crude mortality rate of 12.01/10 million), esophageal cancer (mortality 7.87/10 million) and colorectal cancer (mortality 4.04/10 million); (4) 2011-2015 in Dezhou City, life expectancy is 78.45 years old, male 76.13 years old, female 80.94 years old. The conclusion and Countermeasures Research and analysis results showed that the total population of Dezhou City, the standardized mortality rate is higher than the third national mortality survey in the whole province in the countdown, death monitoring work there are still a large number of missing report; chronic disease deaths accounted for 89.74% of the total deaths, has become the leading the risk of death in the total population of Dezhou city; due to the regional environment, life style and habits of people, the proportion of the population impact factors, three kinds of disease and the proportion of Shandong province is slightly different compared to the same period; top five causes of death And the province of Shandong province and other cities of deathin have certain difference, this also reflects the rank with regional difference characteristics. Suggestions: (1) to strengthen public awareness of the major risk factors for chronic non communicable diseases, advocating smoking alcohol limit, healthy eating habits and proper sports science exercise and other healthy lifestyle; (2) the sooner the disease control, in-depth study of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumor, main causes of injury and poisoning of the environmental and social factors, dynamic monitoring of harmful factors; (3) the implementation of basic public health programs, establish and improve the residents' health records, regular physical examination and do the elderly hypertension, diabetes patients follow-up; (4) to further strengthen the Dezhou death monitoring work, reduce the false negative rate, improve the quality of reports.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R195

【相似文献】