中国农村留守儿童与非留守儿童健康状况比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 08:28

本文关键词：中国农村留守儿童与非留守儿童健康状况比较研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景:随着我国城乡收入差距逐渐增大,为了改善生活条件,越来越多的农民离开原居住地进城务工。但是由于城市生活成本较高或者因户口问题无法解决孩子上学等现实原因,只能将子女留在家中,因此产生了大批留守儿童。报告显示,2010年全国农村留守儿童数量达6102.55万,占农村儿童37.7%,相当于每三个农村儿童里就有一个多留守儿童。由于家庭贫困生活条件差或者监护人监管不力等原因,与非留守儿童相比,农村留守儿童面临着严重的健康问题,生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦的发生风险高于其他儿童。儿童阶段是成长的关键时期,儿童健康是个人长期健康的基础,对其长大后的健康、收入甚至成就都是至关重要的。农村留守儿童数量庞大,是未来我国农村发展建设的主力军,留守儿童健康问题的解决有利于未来人口整体素质的提升。研究目的:本文采用2000-2011年中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,旨在研究我国农村地区留守儿童和非留守儿童健康状况的变化趋势,找出影响儿童健康的主要因素,提出相应的干预措施,为有效解决农村留守儿童健康问题提供依据,促进农村儿童健康成长。研究对象:本文使用的研究数据来自于中国健康与营养调查数据库(China Health and Nutrition Survey,CHNS),选用 2000 年、2004 年、2006 年、2009 年和 2011年5轮调查数据中有完整调查数据(性别、年龄、身高、体重、家庭结构等)的0-17岁农村留守与非留守儿童作为研究对象。研究方法:采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数、标准差来描述(身高、体重、HAZ、WAZ等),组内差异比较采用独立样本t检验或方差分析;定性资料采用百分比或率来描述(性别、年龄、父母流动类型、生长迟缓发生率、低体重发生率等),组间差异比较采用χ2检验。趋势性检验使用χ2趋势检验进行分析;计算各因素的比值比及95%可信区间;采用二分类Logistic回归方法进行相关因素的分析,P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。研究结果:1我国农村留守儿童身高、体重状况低于非留守儿童。利用CHNS数据库资料计算我国农村儿童Z评分,结果显示,所有农村儿童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ得分均呈增加趋势。(1)留守儿童的HAZ、WAZ得分增长幅度大于非留守儿童,BAZ增长幅度小于非留守儿童;家庭结构为父亲外出的农村儿童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ得分最高,母亲外出的儿童得分最低;(2)农村男生的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均高于女生;非留守男生的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ增长幅度均大于留守男生,留守女生HAZ、WAZ增长幅度大于非留守女生;(3)农村不同年龄组留守儿童与非留守儿童的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均呈逐年上升趋势,其中13-17岁年龄组各项Z评分均高与其他年龄组;各年龄段非留守儿童的WAZ增长幅度大于留守儿童,13-17岁年龄段留守儿童的HAZ、BAZ增长幅度大于非留守儿童;(4)农村不同地区留守儿童与非留守儿童的HAZ、WAZ、BAZ均呈逐年上升趋势,东部地区儿童HAZ、WAZ得分最高,中部地区儿童BAZ得分最高;各地区非留守儿童的HAZ、WAZ增长幅度均大于留守儿童,中部及西部地区留守儿童的BAZ增长幅度大于非留守儿童。2农村儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦发生率总体呈下降趋势,留守儿童发生率明显高于非留守儿童;超重发生率呈上升趋势,留守儿童发生率低于非留守儿童。(1)农村非留守儿童生长迟缓发生率由2000年的6.0%下降至2011年4.9%,留守儿童由11.5%下降至5.9%;非留守儿童低体重发生率由3.4%下降至2.3%,留守儿童由5.8%下降至3.4%;非留守儿童消瘦发生率由6.0%下降至4.1%,留守儿童由9.6下降至5.9%;非留守儿童超重发生率由2.2%上升至9.1%,留守儿童由0上升至7.1%;留守儿童中家庭结构为仅母亲外出的儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦发生率最高,家庭结构为仅父亲外出的儿童超重发生率高于其他儿童;(2)农村男生生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦发生率均低于女生,超重发生率高于女生;留守男生、女生生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦发生率分别高于非留守男生、女生,超重发生率分别低于非留守男生、女生;(3)无论留守与否,各年龄组农村儿童生长迟缓、低体重以及消瘦发生率均呈下降趋势,并且随着年龄的增长而降低,0-6岁年龄组发生率最高,13-17岁发生率最低;农村儿童不同年龄组的超重发生率随着年份的变化呈上升趋势,随着年龄的增加而降低;(4)不同地区的农村留守及非留守儿童生长迟缓、低体重以及消瘦发生率均呈下降趋势,且西部地区儿童发生率最高,东部最低。不同地区的农村儿童超重发生率呈逐年上升趋势,中部地区儿童发生率最高。3研究结果显示,农村12岁以上儿童吸烟率及饮酒率均呈上升趋势,其中男生吸烟饮酒率高于女生;中部地区儿童吸烟饮酒率高于东西部儿童;留守儿童吸烟饮酒率高于非留守儿童,家庭结构为父母均外出的留守儿童吸烟率最高,母亲外出的留守儿童饮酒率最高。4农村儿童生长发育的影响因素有性别、年龄、地区、家庭结构、是否吸烟、是否饮酒等。(1)生长迟缓的影响因素:女生生长迟缓的风险是男生的1.330倍;随着年龄的增加,儿童生长迟缓风险降低;中部和西部地区儿童生长迟缓的风险是东部地区的1.173倍和1.316倍;母亲外出的留守儿童生长迟缓风险最高;吸烟儿童的生长迟缓风险高于不吸烟儿童。(2)低体重的影响因素:女生低体重的风险高于男生,是男生的1.895倍;随着年龄的增加,儿童低体重的风险降低;中部和西部地区儿童低体重的风险是东部地区的1.232倍和1.374倍;母亲外出的留守儿童低体重的风险最高。(3)消瘦的影响因素:女生消瘦的风险高于男生,是男生的1.137倍;随着年龄的增加,儿童消瘦的风险降低;家庭结构为母亲外出的留守儿童消瘦的风险最高,吸烟者消瘦的风险是不吸烟者的1.576倍。(4)超重的影响因素:男生超重的风险高于女生;随着年龄的增加,儿童超重的风险降低;中部地区儿童超重的风险高于东西部地区。结论:1农村留守儿童身高、体重水平低于非留守儿童。2000-2011年的调查数据显示,农村儿童HAZ、WAZ、BAZ健康指标均呈逐渐上升趋势。农村非留守儿童各项Z评分高于留守儿童。2农村儿童生长迟缓、低体重以及消瘦发生率呈下降趋势,留守儿童生长迟缓、低体重以及消瘦发生率明显高于非留守儿童;农村儿童超重发生率呈上升趋势,留守儿童超重发生率低于非留守儿童。3农村儿童吸烟饮酒率呈上升趋势,留守儿童吸烟饮酒率高于非留守儿童。4影响农村儿童生长迟缓的因素有:性别、年龄、地区、家庭结构以及是否吸烟;影响农村儿童低体重的因素有:性别、年龄、地区以及家庭结构;影响农村儿童消瘦的因素有:性别、年龄、家庭结构以及是否吸烟;影响儿童超重的因素有:性别、年龄、地区。
[Abstract]:Background: with China's urban-rural income gap is gradually increasing, in order to improve the living conditions, more and more farmers leave the former residence of migrant workers. But because of the higher cost of living in city or due account can not solve the problem of children to school practical reasons, can only be children at home, thus resulting in a large number of left-behind children. The report shows that the number of children 61 million 25 thousand and 500 2010 National Rural left behind children in rural areas, accounting for 37.7%, equivalent to every three rural children in more than one left-behind children. Due to poor families living conditions or guardian supervision, compared with non left-behind children, rural left-behind children are faced with serious health problems, growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss the risk is higher than other children. Children's stage is a key period for the growth of children's health is the basis of the long-term health of the individual, grow up healthy Income, even achievement is essential. The number of rural left-behind children is huge, is the main force in the future development of rural construction in our country, to solve the problem of left behind children's health is conducive to the overall quality of the future population improvement. Objective: This paper uses 2000-2011 China health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, to study the children and non health left behind children in trend left behind in rural areas, find out the main factors affecting children's health, and put forward the corresponding intervention measures, provide the basis for effectively solving the rural health problems of rural left-behind children, promote the healthy growth of children. Objects of study: This paper uses data from the China health and Nutrition Survey Database (China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS), 2004, 2006, with 2000, a complete survey data in 2009 and 2011 5 round of survey data (gender, age Height, weight, family structure, etc.) 0-17 year old rural left behind and non left-behind children as the research object. Research methods: statistical analysis by SPSS16.0 software. The quantitative data accord with normal distribution with mean and standard deviation to describe (height, weight, HAZ, WAZ, etc.) within groups were compared with analysis independent samples t test or ANOVA; qualitative data to describe the percentage or rate (gender, age, type, parents flow rate, the incidence rate of low weight and growth retardation etc.), differences between groups were compared using the 2 test. The trend test was used for the 2 trend test analysis; calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of each factor; analysis using two Logistic regression method for P0.05 related factors, the difference was statistically significant. Results: 1 of China's rural left-behind children height and weight status than left-behind children. Using the CHNS database. Z children in rural China scores showed that all children in rural areas HAZ, WAZ, BAZ score increased. (1) left-behind children HAZ, WAZ score increased more than non left-behind children, BAZ growth rate of less than non left-behind children; family structure as the father out of rural children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ the highest score, the lowest score of the children's mothers; (2) rural boys HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were higher than girls; the boys left behind HAZ, WAZ, BAZ growth rate was higher than the male students, the girls left behind HAZ, WAZ growth rate is greater than the non left behind girls; (3) rural left-behind children in different age groups and non left-behind children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were increased year by year, in which the Z 13-17 age group were higher compared with other age groups; the age of non left-behind children's WAZ growth rate is greater than the left-behind children 13-17 years of age, children left behind HAZ, BAZ growth rate is higher than non left-behind children ; (4) in different areas of rural left-behind children and non left-behind children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ were increased year by year, children HAZ in the eastern region, the central region's highest WAZ score, the highest BAZ score; HAZ non left-behind children in different areas, the growth rate of WAZ were higher than left-behind children, central and western regions of the left-behind children the growth rate of BAZ is higher than non left-behind children in rural children.2 growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss rate decreased, left-behind children incidence was significantly higher than that of left-behind children; the incidence of overweight increased left-behind children was lower than non left-behind children. (1) non rural left-behind children the incidence rate of growth retardation by 2000 6% in 2011 fell to 4.9%, down from 11.5% to 5.9% children left behind; non left-behind children with low birth weight rate decreased from 3.4% to 2.3%, decreased from 5.8% to 3.4% children left behind and non left behind children; weight loss rate dropped from 6% To 4.1%, decreased from 9.6 to 5.9% children left behind; non left-behind children overweight incidence rate increased from 2.2% to 9.1%, increased from 0 to 7.1% children left behind; low birth weight growth retardation, left behind children in the family structure go out only the mothers of children, the prevalence of wasting the highest, family structure is only father out of children overweight the rate is higher than that of other children; (2) rural boys growth retardation, low birth weight, weight loss rate is lower than the incidence of overweight girls, boys higher than girls; girls left behind, slow growth, low birth weight, weight loss rate were higher than those of non left behind boys and girls, the incidence of overweight was respectively lower than male students, female students (3); no matter left behind or not, growth retardation in each age group of children in rural areas, low birth weight and weight loss rate were decreased, and decreased with the increase of age, 0-6 age group was the highest, the lowest incidence of 13-17 years old children in rural; The same age group the incidence of overweight with age increase, decrease with the increase of age; (4) in different regions in rural areas and non left-behind children growth retardation, low birth weight and weight loss rate were decreased, and the incidence rate of children in western region is the highest, lowest in Eastern rural areas in different districts. The incidence of overweight children increased year by year, the central region had the highest incidence of children.3 the results of the study showed that rural children over the age of 12 the smoking rate and drinking rate were increasing, including boys smoking and drinking was higher than girls; children smoking drinking rate is higher than the central region of children; left-behind children smoking drinking rate is higher than that of non left-behind children. The family structure of left-behind children whose parents are both out of the highest smoking rate, mother out of left behind children affected the drinking rate of children in rural areas of the highest.4 growth factors of sex, age, place Area, family structure, smoking, drinking and so on. (1) factors affecting growth retardation: Girls growth retardation risk is 1.330 times the boys; with the increase of age, reduce the risk of growth retardation in children; the central and western areas of growth retardation risk is 1.173 times the eastern region and 1.316 times; the mother to go out the highest risk of left-behind children growth retardation; smoking children's growth retardation is higher than the risk of not smoking in children. (2) the influence factors of low birth weight and low birth weight: Girls risk is 1.895 times higher than boys, boys; with increasing age, the risk of low birth weight children to reduce the risk of central and western regions; children with low birth weight the eastern region is 1.232 times and 1.374 times; the mother to go out the left-behind children of low birth weight (3). The highest risk factors influence risk: thin thin girls higher than boys, boys are 1.137 times; with the increase of age, A child's risk of wasting is reduced; family structure for the mother to go out the left-behind children wasting the highest risk, the risk is 1.576 times thinner smokers than non-smokers. (4) the effects of risk factors of overweight and overweight boys higher than girls; with the increase of age, the risk of overweight children in lower risk; the central region is higher than that of overweight children conclusion: 1. Areas of rural left-behind children height, weight level is lower than the non survey data of left-behind children.2000-2011 years showed that rural children HAZ, WAZ, BAZ health indicators showed a rising trend. Rural children left behind the Z score was higher than that of rural left-behind children children.2 growth retardation, low birth weight and weight loss rate decreased the trend of growth retardation, left behind, low birth weight and weight loss incidence was significantly higher than that of rural left-behind children; children overweight rates rise, low incidence of overweight left-behind children In the non left behind children in rural children.3 smoking drinking rate rise, left-behind children smoking and alcohol drinking rate is higher than that of non left-behind children.4 factors influencing growth retardation of children in rural areas are: gender, age, region, family structure and smoking; influencing rural children with low birth weight factors: gender, age, region and family structure; factors influence of rural children are thin: gender, age, family structure and smoking; influencing factors of overweight children are: gender, age, area.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R179

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