养老机构老年人生活质量及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 14:31

本文选题：养老机构　切入点：老年人　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:对养老机构老年人生活质量量表进行修订及验证,并描述养老机构老年人生活质量现状,分析生活质量的影响因素,为有针对性的提高这一人群生活质量的干预提供理论依据。研究方法:采用横断面研究设计,于2016年5月至9月选取济南市33家养老机构老人进行问卷调查,共发放376份问卷,有效回收371份。调查内容包括:老人及机构一般资料问卷、视力、听力、咀嚼、营养、睡眠、尿失禁、日常生活活动能力、衰弱、抑郁、焦虑、孤独、社会支持、社会活动参与,以及老人的生活质量。使用AMOS19.0进行养老机构老年人生活质量量表的验证性因子分析,采用SPSS19.0进行养老机构老年人生活质量量表信度及效标效度检验,以及生活质量的影响因素分析。具体包括:描述性分析、独立样本t检验、方差分析、卡方检验、pearson相关、spearman相关、多元线性回归分析、多因素logistic回归分析、结构方程模型等。结果:1.养老机构老年人生活质量量表修订版经验证性因子分析后,最终量表由9个维度、38个条目组成。总量表总Cronbach's α系数为0.891,各维度的Cronbach'sα系数分别在0.661～0.897之间。验证性因子分析中,具体的拟合指标为χ2=990.365,χ2/df =1.590,NFI=0.859,NNFI=0.934,IFI=0.943,CFI=0.942,RMSEA=0.040。效标效度分析,养老机构老年人生活质量量表总分及各维度均分均与EQ-VAS显著相关;除家庭亲密度及人际关系和谐性维度与EQ-5D效应值相关性不显著外,其他各维度及总分均与EQ-5D效应值显著相关。2.养老机构老年人生活质量现状:在养老机构老年人生活质量量表中,在自主决策领域老人的得分最高,在活动参与性领域的得分最低;健康相关生活质量(EQ-5D)中,老人在日常活动能力维度出现问题的比例最大(60.1%),其次为行动能力(56.3%);老人自评健康状况(EQ-VAS)得分为66.08±22.34。3.多元线性回归分析结果显示:个体因素中,年龄、性别、衰弱、睡眠、抑郁、孤独、焦虑、社会网络、社会活动参与、子女相聚频率;以及机构因素中,附属于医院、室外活动场所是机构老年人生活质量的预测因素;睡眠、疾病指数、焦虑、社会活动参与是老人自评健康状况(EQ-VAS)的预测因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、衰弱、日常生活活动能力、社会活动参与、居住安排是老人健康相关生活质量(EQ-5D)的预测因素。结论:1.养老机构老年人生活质量量表具有较好的信度和效度。2.养老机构老年人生活质量较低。3.养老机构老年人生活质量受到个体因素和机构因素的影响,机构工作人员应识别其中的危险人群,尽早采取针对性的措施,从而提高老人的生活质量。
[Abstract]:Objective: to revise and verify the quality of life scale (QOL) of the elderly in pension institutions, and to describe the present situation of the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly in pension institutions, and to analyze the influencing factors of QOL.To provide theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of this group.Methods: from May to September 2016, a cross-sectional study design was used to select 33 old people from pension institutions in Jinan to carry out a questionnaire survey, and 376 questionnaires were distributed, 371 of which were returned effectively.The contents of the survey included: general information questionnaire for the elderly, hearing, chewing, nutrition, sleep, urinary incontinence, activities of daily life, debilitating, depression, anxiety, loneliness, social support, participation in social activities,And the quality of life of the elderly.AMOS19.0 was used to verify the quality of life scale for the aged, SPSS19.0 was used to test the reliability and validity of the quality of life scale for the elderly, and the influencing factors of the quality of life were analyzed.It includes descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, variance analysis, chi-square test Pearson correlation Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression analysis, multi-factor logistic regression analysis, structural equation model and so on.The result is 1: 1.After confirmatory factor analysis, the final scale consists of 9 dimensions and 38 items.The total Cronbach's 伪 coefficient of the total table was 0.891, and the Cronbach's 伪 coefficient of each dimension was between 0.661 and 0.897.In the confirmatory factor analysis, the specific fitting indexes were 蠂 2 / 990.365 and 蠂 2/df / 1.590 / 0.859nNFI / 0.934 / 0.943 / r MSEAA 0.040, respectively.According to the validity analysis, the total score and the average score of each dimension of quality of life scale were significantly correlated with EQ-VAS, except for the family cohesion and interpersonal harmony dimension and the EQ-5D effect value were not significantly correlated with the total score and the average score of each dimension.Other dimensions and total scores were significantly correlated with EQ-5D effect value. 2. 2.Quality of life of the elderly in old-age institutions: in the scale, the elderly scored the highest in the field of independent decision-making and the lowest in the field of participation in activities; the health-related quality of life was EQ-5D.The proportion of the elderly who had problems in the dimension of daily activity ability was 60.1, followed by the mobility of 56.3, and the score of EQ-VAS66.08 卤22.34.3in the old people's self-assessment of their health status.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that: individual factors, age, sex, debilitating, sleep, depression, loneliness, anxiety, social network, social activity participation, frequency of children meeting, and institutional factors, affiliated to the hospital,Outdoor activities were the predictors of the quality of life of the elderly in institutions, and sleep, disease index, anxiety and social activities were the predictors of EQ-VASs.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, debilitating, ability of daily life, participation in social activities, and living arrangement were the predictors of health-related quality of life (QOL) of the elderly.Conclusion 1.The quality of life scale has good reliability and validity.The quality of life of the elderly in old-age institutions is low.The quality of life of the elderly in old-age institutions is affected by individual and institutional factors. The staff of institutions should identify the risk groups and take targeted measures as early as possible to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6;R473

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