海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠功能多样性与系统发育研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 14:39

  本文关键词： 功能性状 系统发育树 功能多样性 维持机制 林冠 热带山地雨林 尖峰岭　出处：《中国林业科学研究院》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：热带雨林林冠的功能生态过程和生物多样性的形成原因及其维持机制是当今生态学研究的热点之一。植物功能性状是植物对所处生境生物作用和非生物作用适应性的直接体现,为开展热带雨林林冠功能生态学研究提供视角。结合热带雨林林冠组成物种的系统发育关系和植物功能性状特征有助于认识林冠的结构和动态,且能够用于预测热带雨林林冠对气候变化的响应。本文以海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠为研究对象,通过群落生态学调查、环境因子测定、系统发育树构建、功能性状选择和测定,探讨了林冠物种水平和群落水平功能性状的耦合过程及其生存策略;分析了林冠主要功能性状的系统发育信号、关联性及其演化模式;比较了径级结构和物种多度对热带山地雨林群落木本植物系统发育关系的影响;揭示了林冠功能多样性格局及其形成原因,并评估了非生物过滤对林冠主要功能性状分布及其群落构建的具体作用。本研究对于深入阐明尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠生物多样性格局、维持机制及其生态系统功能发挥奠定一定的科学基础,并可为其他森林植被类型林冠生态学研究的开展提供参考。主要研究结果如下:(1)尖峰岭热带山地雨林20 m×20 m样方尺度局域生境异质性差异较显著。土壤有机质含量、全氮和全磷含量大体沿山体海拔的升高呈递增趋势,而土壤pH值、土壤密度和水分含量大致呈递减趋势。(2)尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠主要功能性状在物种水平除了叶碳含量(CV=6.32%)外种间变异均超过17.26%,而群落水平各功能性状群落间差异相对较小。物种和群落水平比叶面积均与叶片N、P、K含量存在显著正相关关系,但均与叶脉密度无任何关联性。更为重要的是:群落尺度上比叶面积对其他大多数功能性状的的表征效果(0.263≤r2≤0.744,P0.001)明显强于其在物种水平的表现;而叶脉密度在两个水平上均未能有效表征其他功能性状的变化。(3)尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠主要功能性状很有可能具有“模块”效应,与光合作用密切相关的叶面积、叶氮含量、叶磷含量、叶钾含量等功能性状常在第一主成份轴上聚集,以调节林冠叶片结构性“投资”与光合产物“收益”的权衡(第一主成份解释率:31.9%);而与林冠蒸腾和防御作用紧密相关的叶厚度、叶含水量、叶脉密度和叶干物质含量表现为在第二主成份轴上聚集,以调节水分保持与蒸腾失水的权衡(第二主成份解释率:26.5%)。(4)尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠主要功能性状中除了叶面积、叶厚度和潜在最大树高外其他功能性状均表现出显著的的系统发育信号(P0.05),近亲物种其功能性状相似性高于亲缘相疏的物种(系统发育保守性)。系统发育独立性比较表明这些功能性状彼此间在演化的过程中多呈趋同或趋异模式,且功能性状随时间变化的种间分化模式大致呈“漏斗”状。(5)尖峰岭热带山地雨林20 m×20 m样方尺度上群落的构建整体上表现为系统发育发散(NRI0),群落组成物种整体上亲缘关系较远;但该地区群落系统发育树局部分支上则表现为系统发育聚集(NTI0),群落组成物种局部亲缘关系较近。中小径级(5 cm≤DBH15 cm和DBH5 cm)群落系统发育结构常受群落内物种多度的影响,仅考虑物种在群落中出现与否而不考虑其多度信息将会明显高估这些群落的系统发育多样性。(6)尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠20 m×20 m样方尺度群落水平的功能丰富度与群落物种丰富度呈指数相关关系(F=80.36,r2=0.524,P0.001)。在相对肥沃生境中林冠功能性状空间更大,群落功能多样性更高,物种功能性状趋于离散分布。相反,在相对贫瘠生境中林冠功能性状空间相对狭窄,群落功能多样性更低,物种功能性状趋于聚集分布。此外,基于所有林冠主要功能性状对林冠功能多样性群落间差异的表征效果更好。(7)环境因子是影响尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠功能多样性群落间差异的主要因子,环境的单独效应对群落间功能多样性差异的解释率在多数功能性状上均超过30%。而且环境单独效应对基于所有维度功能性状的林冠功能多样性(标准化物种多度加权平均最近类群距离)群落间差异的解释率最高(74.0%)。(8)非生物过滤RLQ(R-mode linked to Q-mode)分析的第一轴能够解释海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠组成乔木的环境、空间、功能性状和系统发育结构共变性约98.24%。进化历史更长的系统发育基部樟科和木兰科植物倾向于分布在土壤相对肥沃(有机质和氮含量较高)的局域生境中,且具有更高的叶片碳含量和干物质含量;而大部分真双子叶植物(例如壳斗科和山矾科)倾向于分布在土壤pH值和微量元素相对较高的局域生境中,具有更高的比叶面积。
[Abstract]:Causes of tropical rainforest canopy function of ecological processes and biodiversity and maintaining mechanism is one of the hot research topics in ecology. Plant functional traits is the direct embodiment of plant habitat biological and non biological role adaptability, provides perspective for the research on forest ecology function of tropical rainforest. Crown structure and dynamic characteristics and traits plant function is helpful to understand the development of canopy system combined with tropical rainforest canopy species composition, and can be used to predict the response of tropical rainforest canopy on climate change. This paper takes Hainan Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest as the research object, through the investigation of community ecology, environmental factor determination, phylogenetic tree construction, the selection and determination of functional traits. To investigate the coupling process and survival strategy of canopy species level and community level functional traits; analyzes the main function of the canopy The phylogenetic signal can traits, correlation and evolutionary model; comparison of size structure and species abundance of tropical montane rain forest in woody plant phylogeny influence; reveals the canopy diversity function and its causes, and to evaluate the non biological filtration on the specific role of community construction and main function of canopy distribution characters this study to elucidate. Tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, canopy biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and maintenance mechanism lay a scientific foundation, and for the study of other types of forest vegetation canopy ecology provide evidence. The main results are as follows: (1) 20 tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, m * 20 m scale local habitat heterogeneity significantly. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content generally along mountain elevation increased, and soil The soil pH value, soil density and moisture content decreased. (2) the main function of the canopy of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, traits at the species level except leaf carbon content (CV=6.32%) variation among species was more than 17.26%, and the difference in community level functional traits between communities is relatively small. The species and community level leaf area and leaf N, P, there was a positive correlation between the content of K, but no correlation with vein density. More importantly, community scale specific leaf area of most other functional traits in the characterization of effect (R2 = 0.263 ~ 0.744, P0.001) was stronger than the species level in performance; and failed to change vein density in two levels are effective characterization of other functional traits. (3) the main function of the canopy of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, is likely to have characters of "modules" effect, the leaf area is closely related with photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen The content of leaf phosphorus content, potassium content and leaf traits often gather in the first principal component axis, to adjust the canopy leaf structural "investment" and the balance of Photosynthate "gains" (the first principal component explanation rate: 31.9%); and is closely related with the canopy transpiration and defensive role of Ye Houdu, the water content of the leaf. Leaf density and leaf dry matter content was gathered in the second principal component axis, to adjust the moisture balance and transpiration (second principal components explaining rate: 26.5%). (4) the main function of the canopy of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, in addition to the traits of leaf area, leaf thickness and other features of high potential maximum tree traits show a significant phylogenetic signal (P0.05), the functional traits closely related species similarity higher than genetic alienament species (phylogenetic conservation). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the independent function between these traits in evolution Convergence or divergence patterns showed, interspecific differentiation patterns and functional traits change over time is roughly "funnel" shape. (5) the construction of tropical mountain rainforest in Jianfengling, 20 m * 20 m scale in the overall performance of phylogenetic divergence (NRI0), community composition on the whole blood the relationship is far away; but the community system in the area development tree partial branch showed phylogenetic aggregation (NTI0), close to the local community. Small size species genetic (5 cm = DBH15 cm and DBH5 cm) community phylogenetic structure is often affected by the species abundance, species only consider in the community and not without considering its degree of information will be overestimated in these systems the development of community diversity. (6) the canopy of tropical mountain rain forest in Jianfengling, 20 m * 20 m scale community level functional richness and species richness index were related The relationship between (F=80.36, r2=0.524, P0.001). In the relatively fertile habitat in the canopy traits more space, community function diversity is higher, species traits tend to discrete distribution. On the contrary, in the relatively barren canopy function habitat traits relative narrow space, community function diversity is lower, species traits tended to aggregation distribution. In addition, better characterize the effect of main function of all canopy traits to canopy functional diversity based on the differences between communities. (7) the environmental factors are the main factors that influence the difference of tropical mountain rainforest in Jianfengling, canopy functional diversity between communities, separate effect on the differences of functional diversity among communities accounted in most traits are more than 30%. and the environment alone effect on all dimensions of functional traits of canopy based on diversity (standardized species abundance weighted average nearest group distance) the differences between communities Explain the highest rate (74%). (8) - RLQ (R-mode linked to bio filter Q-mode) analysis of the environment, can explain Hainan Jianfengling tropical mountain rain forest canopy composition trees first axis space, functional traits and phylogenetic structure were about 98.24%. long evolutionary history development base and Magnoliaceae plants tend to Lauraceae the distribution in the relatively fertile soil (organic matter and higher nitrogen content) local habitat, and has a higher carbon content and leaf dry matter content; while most eudicots (such as Fagaceae and Symplocaceae) according to local habitat in distribution in the soil pH value and trace elements are relatively high, with the higher specific leaf area.

【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S718.5
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本文编号：1451750