寄主多样性对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱影响

发布时间：2018-01-21 19:45

  本文关键词： B型烟粉虱 马铃薯木虱 多种植物共存 单一植物存在 多食性 解毒酶 营养酶 寄主多样性 行为反应 植物-昆虫互作 植物挥发物 次生代谢物质　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究通过对比多种寄主植物共存与单一寄主植物存在两种不同处理,分别研究了多种植物同时存在对两种多食性刺吸式口器昆虫(B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱)生态学、生理生化、行为趋性的影响,并分析了受昆虫侵害后共存植物的防御反应。实验分别测定了番茄、甘蓝、棉花、黄瓜、菜豆共存,番茄、西葫芦、白菜、菜豆共存,油菜、棉花、番茄、黄瓜共存对B型烟粉虱的影响;以及马铃薯、茄子、番茄共存,甜椒、番茄、茄子共存对马铃薯木虱的影响。实验组为多种寄主植物共存,对照组为单一寄主植物存在且植株数目与实验组相同。1.寄主多样性对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱生态学影响番茄、甘蓝、棉花、黄瓜、菜豆共存时B型烟粉虱存活率、产卵量显著升高,有利于种群发展。番茄、西葫芦、白菜、菜豆共存时烟粉虱存活率、产卵量大于单一寄主最小值、小于最大值,对种群影响处于中间水平。油菜、棉花、番茄、黄瓜共存时烟粉虱存活率、产卵量显著降低,不利于种群发展。马铃薯、茄子、番茄共存显著提高了马铃薯木虱存活率、产卵量,有利于种群发展。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存显著降低了马铃薯木虱存活率、产卵量,不利于种群发展。多种寄主共存均对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱第二代若虫发育历期、存活率无显著影响。两者在多种植物共存和单一植物存在时,在不同种植物上的株均产卵量均呈正相关,分别对各植物表现出相似的产卵偏好性。植物组合中有低阶植物时,会影响种群发展,并可能随低阶植物的增多而更加不利。植物组合中有高阶植物时,昆虫会趋向于高阶植物,但植物组合是否有利于种群发展仍取决于低阶植物的品质或植物组合的综合影响。2.寄主多样性对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱体内营养物质及酶的影响番茄、甘蓝、棉花、黄瓜、菜豆共存时,烟粉虱超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性降低,淀粉酶、蔗糖酶含量升高。番茄、西葫芦、白菜、菜豆共存时,烟粉虱解毒酶活性升高,总蛋白、海藻糖无差异。油菜、棉花、番茄、黄瓜共存时,烟粉虱SOD、AKP、海藻糖含量均相对升高。马铃薯、茄子、番茄共存时,木虱总蛋白、海藻糖显著升高,蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性增强,解毒酶活性降低。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存时,木虱总蛋白显著降低,蔗糖酶、淀粉酶活性降低,解毒酶活性增强。烟粉虱、木虱体内解毒酶活性与产卵量、存活率、营养酶普遍呈负相关,营养酶与产卵量、存活率普遍呈正相关,海藻糖与海藻糖酶普遍呈正相关。在有利于种群发展的植物组合中,烟粉虱和木虱解毒酶活性下降,消化酶活性升高;在不利于种群发展的植物组合中,解毒酶活性升高,消化酶活性下降。3.寄主多样性对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱行为趋性的影响番茄、甘蓝、棉花、黄瓜、菜豆共存时,烟粉虱对混合挥发物趋性较强。番茄、西葫芦、白菜、菜豆共存,或油菜、棉花、番茄、黄瓜共存时,烟粉虱对单一寄主挥发物选择趋性较强。马铃薯、茄子、番茄共存时,木虱对混合挥发物选择趋性较强。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存时,木虱对有甜椒存在的植物组合有回避性。4.受B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱侵染后共存植物的防御反应烟粉虱和木虱的为害使植物体内多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、SOD活性大都升高,但由于其对植物侵害有选择性,升高程度不同。番茄、甘蓝、棉花、黄瓜、菜豆共存时,烟粉虱存活率与植物体内PPO、POD活性增长率呈正相关,烟粉虱体内SOD与植物体内POD呈正相关,烟粉虱蔗糖酶与植物体内PPO、POD活性呈正相关。番茄、西葫芦、白菜、菜豆共存时,烟粉虱体内蔗糖酶与植物CAT活性呈正相关。甜椒、番茄、茄子共存时,植物体内PPO活性增长率和马铃薯木虱存活率呈显著正相关,植物体内SOD和马铃薯木虱体内海藻糖含量呈负相关。综上,本研究显示了多种寄主植物共存对B型烟粉虱和马铃薯木虱的影响,而且两种多食性昆虫面对多种寄主共存时,在定向选择、取食趋向、产卵偏好、解毒消化等方面有相似的应对机制。实践中,单一作物大面积种植极易使生态环境简单化,导致害虫大爆发,本研究从理论上解释了植物-多食性昆虫互作的部分相关机制,并从实践上为害虫防治提供了参考,以期充分发挥生物多样性的调控作用,形成结构、功能良好的农业生态系统,促进可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In this study, by comparing a variety of host plants coexist with single host plants have two kinds of different treatment, were studied on two kinds of plants exist at the same time the polyphagous insect sucking mouthparts (B biotype and potato psyllid) ecology, physiology and biochemistry, behavior tropism influence, and analyzes the defense response of insect infested after coexistence plant. The experiment tested the tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans, cotton, tomato, coexistence, zucchini, cabbage, rape, cotton, beans coexist, tomato, cucumber on the effect of the coexistence of biotype B; and potato, eggplant, tomato and sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant coexistence, coexistence of influence on the potato psyllid. The experimental group for a variety of host plants coexist, the control group of single host plants and plants and the number of groups in the same.1. host diversity of B biotype and potato psyllid ecology effect of tomato, cabbage, cotton, Cucumber, bean the coexistence of biotype B, survival rate, fecundity increased significantly, is conducive to the development of the population. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexistence whitefly survival rate, fecundity is greater than the minimum value of a single host, less than the maximum value of population effect in the middle level. The oil food, cotton, tomato, cucumber the coexistence of the whitefly survival rate, fecundity was significantly reduced, is not conducive to the development of the population. The potato, eggplant, tomato coexistence significantly increased the potato psyllid survival rate, fecundity, is conducive to the development of the population. Pepper, tomato and eggplant was significantly lower in the coexistence of the potato psyllid survival rate, fecundity, is not conducive to the development of various host populations. The coexistence of biotype B and the second generation of the potato psyllid nymphal duration, survival rate had no significant effect. In the presence of a variety of plants and the coexistence of both single plant, in different plants on the oviposition were positively correlated, Of all the plants showed similar oviposition preference. There are low order plants in combination, will affect the development of the population, and with low order plants increased even more unfavorable. High order plant combinations, insects tend to high order plant, but the plant combination is there comprehensive influence to population the development still depends on the quality of low order plants or plant combination effect of.2. host diversity of B biotype and potato psyllid in nutrients and enzymes of tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans, cotton, tobacco whitefly coexist, superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity decreased, amylase that increased invertase content. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexist, total protein increased, the whitefly detoxification enzyme activity, no difference in trehalose. Rapeseed, cotton, tomato, cucumber coexist, biotype SOD, AKP, trehalose content were relatively higher. 3 Potato, eggplant, tomato psyllid coexist, total protein, trehalose significantly increased invertase, amylase activity increased, decreased activity of detoxifying enzymes. Sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant coexist, Psylla total protein decreased significantly, invertase, amylase activity decreased, detoxification enzyme activity increased. The survival rate of B.tabaci, activity of detoxifying enzymes in the Psylla and fecundity, nutrition, enzyme was generally negatively correlated, nutrition enzyme and fecundity, survival rate is generally positively correlated, trehalose and trehalase is generally positively correlated. In favor of population development in plants, decrease whitefly and Psylla detoxification enzyme activity, increased digestive enzyme activity; in plants is not conducive to the development of population in the combination of increased activity of detoxifying enzymes, digestive enzyme activity decreased.3. host diversity of B taxis whitefly and the potato psyllid behavior of tomato, cabbage, cotton, cucumber, bean coexist, mixed volatiles of Bemisia tabaci Taxis are strong. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean or rape, coexistence, cotton, tomato, cucumber coexist, Bemisia tabaci on single host volatiles taxis. Strong potato, eggplant, tomato psyllid coexist, of mixed volatiles taxis. Strong sweet pepper, tomato, eggplant and pepper to coexist, Psylla the combination of plant avoidance.4. by the B biotype and the potato psyllid infection after the coexistence of plant defense responses of Bemisia tabaci and psyllid damage in the plant polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), the activity of SOD were increased, but because of its selectivity to plant invasion, increased in different degree. Cotton, tomato, cabbage, cucumber, beans coexist, and the survival rate of B.tabaci in PPO plants, POD activity growth rate was positively correlated with SOD in B.tabaci plants POD was positively related to whitefly sucrase and plant body In PPO, the activity of POD was positively correlated. Tomatoes, zucchini, cabbage, bean coexist, whitefly sucrose and plant CAT enzyme activity was positively correlated. Pepper, tomato, eggplant coexist, the plant growth rate and PPO activity of the potato psyllid survival rate showed a significant positive correlation, negative correlation of plant SOD and the potato psyllid the trehalose content in vivo. In conclusion, this study shows the coexistence of various host plants of B biotype and potato psyllid, and two species of polyphagous insect with various host coexist, in directional selection, feeding trend, oviposition preference, with similar mechanism of detoxification digestion. In practice, a large area of single crop planting is very easy to make the ecological environment simple, lead to pest outbreak, this study explains some related mechanism of plant - polyphagous insect interaction based on the theory and practice from the damage of pest control provides a reference, In order to make full use of the regulatory role of biodiversity, to form a structured and well functioning agro ecosystem to promote sustainable development.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S433
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本文编号：1452405