黄瑞香种子休眠机理研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 07:05

本文关键词： 黄瑞香种子休眠机理内源抑制物质激素解除休眠　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄瑞香(Daphne giraldii Nitsche.)为瑞香科瑞香属(Daphne linn.)落叶灌木,其茎皮和根皮作为祖师麻入药,民间广泛用于治疗跌打损伤、风湿疼痛等症状。药理学研究表明其具有镇痛、抗炎、抗疟、抗肿瘤等生物活性。但其种子具有深休眠特性,给人工种子繁殖造成困难,本文通过研究黄瑞香种皮结构及透水性、种子各部分浸提液的生物测定和离体胚培养、胚的发育、内源抑制物质种类等来探讨种子休眠的原因;对种子进行不同处理的激素浸种,寻找适宜的低温层积方法,筛选能解除黄瑞香种子休眠的有效方法;对种子休眠解除过程中的贮藏物质含量、内源激素含量和与休眠有关的代谢酶活性进行测定,以阐明种子休眠机理。研究结果归纳为以下几点:1.黄瑞香种子属于综合性的休眠类型。当种子外观自然成熟时其胚却尚未发育完善,这是黄瑞香种子休眠的根本原因;种皮结构和透水性不是引起黄瑞香种子休眠的主要原因;黄瑞香种子的种皮和种胚中均含有种类不同的萌发抑制物质是引起其种子休眠的主要原因之一。2.黄瑞香种子的外种皮、内种皮和种胚的水提液和醇提液对白菜种子萌发及白菜幼苗生长均产生了抑制作用,且抑制作用随着各浸提液浓度的增大而逐渐增强。3.采用系统溶剂法将黄瑞香种皮和种胚的甲醇浸提液分离得到各相溶液。种皮各相溶液对白菜苗高生长和根长生长抑制强度较为相似,大致为:甲醇相乙酸乙酯相水相石油醚相≈乙醚相;种胚各相溶液对白菜苗高的抑制强度表现为:甲醇相乙醚相石油醚相≈乙酸乙酯相水相;对白菜根长生长的抑制强度表现为:甲醇相水相石油醚相≈乙醚相乙酸乙酯相。4.经GC-MS分析,黄瑞香种皮和种胚中存在种类不同的有机化合物,主要为有机酸类、酯类、烃类及酮类等物质。相似度较大的化合物有:亚油酸、硬脂酸、乙酸、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、辛烷、十六甲基环辛硅氧烷、棕榈酸甲酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、十四甲基环七硅氧烷、吡喃酮、油酸酰胺等。5.随着室外自然层积时间的延长,黄瑞香种胚中内源ABA的含量呈下降趋势,GA3含量在层积后期有所增加,IAA的含量变化趋势为先升高后降低,ZR的含量变化不大,GA3/ABA值在层积过程中缓慢增加,IAA/ABA值在低温层积的中后期增大,ZR/ABA值在层积结束时增大,随后种子休眠得到解除。6.黄瑞香种子的休眠解除生理研究结果表明,其种子休眠解除的过程与种胚内贮藏物质的代谢水平密切相关。在黄瑞香种子在不同的低温层积过程中,随着层积时间的延长,可溶性糖的含量先升高后降低,可溶性蛋白质逐渐降低,种胚中的淀粉和脂肪等主要贮藏物质不断降解,与代谢有关的过氧化物酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶的活性不断增强,促进种子萌发的内源激素的相对含量有所增加。7.黄瑞香的种胚各部分随着自然层积时间的延长逐渐发育成熟,子叶细胞体积增大,由闭合转为开裂;胚芽增长变圆润;胚轴和胚根形成纹路清晰的维管区。层积后期时黄瑞香种胚各部分已发育完全,具备了萌发能力。室内层积条件下的种胚在层积结束时胚轴发育不良,胚根较短。8.综合各项研究认为,进行室内层积时采用150 mg·L-1赤霉素(GA3)和30 mg·L-1细胞分裂素(6-BA)溶液浸种虽然对黄瑞香发芽有一定的促进作用,但胚轴和胚根的发育相对自然层积方法而言发育不健全。因此每年10月下旬,在室外挖沟采用自然层积处理的方法较为简便、经济、安全。
[Abstract]:Huang Ruixiang (Daphne giraldii Nitsche.) as Thymelaeaceae Daphne (Daphne linn.) deciduous shrub, its stem bark and root bark as Zushima folk medicine, widely used in the treatment of traumatic injury, rheumatic pain and other symptoms. Pharmacological research shows that it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antitumor activity. But the seed has deep the characteristic of dormancy, artificial seed breeding to create difficulties, through the study of Huang Ruixiang and water permeability of seed coat structure, each part of the seed extracts bioassay and in vitro embryo culture, embryo development, endogenous inhibitory substance types to explore the reasons of seed dormancy; hormone soaking for different treatments on seed, for low temperature deposition layer suitable, effective screening method to relieve Huang Ruixiang of seed dormancy; dormancy storage substance content in the process of seed dormancy and the content of endogenous hormones and metabolic enzyme activity have closed Determined to elucidate the seed dormancy mechanism. The research results are summarized as follows: 1. Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy belongs to comprehensive. When the seeds mature embryo has its natural appearance and development have not yet perfect, this is the fundamental reason of Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy; seed coat structure and permeability is not mainly caused by Huang Ruixiang seed dormancy; seed coat Huang Ruixiang and the embryo in the seed contains different kinds of germination inhibitory substance is mainly caused by the testa of seed dormancy of the seed of Huang Ruixiang.2., in the seed coat and embryo of water extracts and alcohol extracts were inhibited the seedling growth of Chinese cabbage and cabbage seed germination, and the inhibition increased with the the extract concentration increased.3. by systemic solvent Huang Ruixiang seed coat and embryo of the methanol extract obtained the solution. The solution of Chinese cabbage seed Miao Gaosheng The length and root growth inhibition intensity is similar, roughly as follows: methanol ethyl acetate phase is petroleum ether ether phase; the solution of embryo of cabbage seedlings high inhibition performance: methanol ether phase of petroleum ether phase was ethyl acetate phase; inhibition strength of cabbage root growth for methanol phase by GC-MS analysis of petroleum ether ether ethyl acetate phase is.4., there are different types of organic compound yellow Daphne coat and embryo, is mainly organic acids, esters, ketones and hydrocarbons and other substances. The compounds have larger similarity: linoleic acid, stearic acid, acetic acid, dibutyl phthalate, octane, sixteen symplectic methyl siloxane, methyl palmitate, citric acid butyl ester three, citric acid three butyl fourteen methyl siloxane ring seven, pyranones,.5. oleic acid amide with prolonging deposition time of natural outdoor, the embryo in Huang Ruixiang Endogenous ABA content decreased, GA3 content in the layer increased, the change trend of IAA content increased first and then decreased, the content of ZR changes little, GA3/ABA value increased slowly in the course of stratification, the value of IAA/ABA in the low temperature stratification in the late increase, ZR/ABA value in the stratification at the end increases. Then get the seed dormancy Dormancy Physiology research results show that the lifting of.6. yellow Daphne seed, the seed dormancy release process and metabolism of storage substances in embryos is closely related to the seed of Huang Ruixiang. In the different layers of the product in the low temperature process, with the extension of stratification time, the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, soluble the protein decreased gradually, the main storage substance in seed embryo of starch and fat continuous degradation, metabolism and peroxidase, acid phosphatase, glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase and 6- phosphorus acid gluconic acid removal Hydrogenase activity increased, the relative content of endogenous hormones promote seed germination increased the embryo of.7. yellow Daphne along with the prolongation of natural stratification time gradually mature cotyledon cell volume increases, from closed to cracking; germ growth mellow; hypocotyl and radicle forming lines clear dimensional layer area. At the end of each part of the Huang Ruixiang product of embryo was fully developed, has the ability of germination. The embryo indoor layer under the condition of stratification at the end of hypocotyl dysplasia, radicle short.8. comprehensive study shows that indoor stratification used 150 mg L-1 gibberellin (GA3) and 30 mg L-1 cytokinin (6-BA) solution of Huang Ruixiang although germination has certain stimulative effect, but the relative growth of hypocotyl and radicle natural stratification method development is not perfect. So each year in late October, in the outdoor natural stratification at the ditch The method is simple, economical and safe.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.19

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