小麦灌浆期叶片与非叶器官持绿相关性状动态QTL分析

发布时间：2018-02-15 23:38

本文关键词： 小麦非叶器官持绿动态QTL　出处：《山西农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：干旱是影响小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生产的最主要的非生物胁迫因素。持绿小麦能够延迟光合器官的衰老,增加光合时间,提高光合效率,并对干旱等非生物胁迫与生物胁迫具有较好的抗性。小麦持绿性是受多基因控制的复杂的数量性,借助非条件QTL与条件QTL分析方法对不同灌浆时期旗叶与非叶绿色光合器官持绿相关性状进行遗传分析,可以了解小麦不同绿色器官持绿的发育遗传特性,发掘不受环境影响的与小麦持绿相关基因紧密连锁的稳定标记,将这些标记应用于抗旱分子标记辅助育种,可以大大缩短育种年限,从而提高小麦抗旱和高光效育种的效率。本研究利用包含306个株系的小麦RIL群体(旱选10x鲁麦14)为材料,研究了灌浆不同时期旗叶的SPAD、GLAD以及衰老特征参数,并利用非条件QTL与条件QTL分析方法对旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化进行遗传剖析；利用包含150个株系的小麦DH群体(旱选10×鲁麦14)为材料,分析不同水分条件下灌浆不同时期旗叶与非叶器官叶绿素含量的表型变异,并对各绿色器官叶绿素含量进行条件QTL与非条件QTL分析,探讨小麦灌浆期各绿色光合器官持绿的发育遗传特性。主要结果如下：1.小麦旗叶SPAD与GLAD在整个灌浆期的变化复杂,呈现出‘慢-快-慢”的动态变化特点；灌浆中期SPAD与单株产量、单株穗数、穗粒数呈显著或极显著正相关性,灌浆后期SPAD与籽粒宽、籽粒厚、千粒重、单株产量具有显著或极显著正相关性。灌浆中后期SPAD与产量性状的相关性与相关系数明显优于GLAD与衰老特征参数,且测定相对简单,更适宜用于持绿材料的快速筛选。2.两种水分条件下,在不同灌浆时期(阶段),非条件QTL与条件QTL分析方法分别检测到7个与6个控制旗叶叶绿素含量的加性QTL,对表型变异的贡献率为2.12%～12.80%,这些QTL的表达呈现出时空性与特异性,即多数QTL仅在发育的一个特定时期进行表达,没有检测到能在整个灌浆期持续表达的QTL。两种水分条件下控制旗叶叶绿素含量的发育遗传特性不同,非条件QTL与条件QTL检测方法均表现出干旱胁迫条件下检测到的QTL数量均多于正常灌溉条件。Qchl-5A.1能在两种水分条件下的多个时期同时被检测到,且对表型具有较高的遗传贡献率,具有应用于MAS育种的前景。3.两种水分条件下,在不同灌浆时期(阶段),共检测到控制叶绿素含量的54个加性QTL与29对上位性QTL,对表型变异的贡献率在1.02%～20.95%之间。控制各绿色器官叶绿素含量的QTL在绝大多数时期并不相同。在5A染色体上的WMC74-Xgwm291-Xgwm410标记区间以及3B染色体的Xgwm181-Xgwm340-xgwm247标记区间检测到多个控制各绿色器官叶绿素含量的主效QTL,深入发掘这些热点区域,对于后期进行精细定位与图位克隆具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Drought is the main abiotic stress factor affecting the production of Triticum aestivum L.). Green wheat can delay the senescence of photosynthetic organs, increase photosynthetic time and increase photosynthetic efficiency. Wheat green persistence is a complex quantitative property controlled by many genes, such as drought and other abiotic and biological stresses. With the help of non-conditional QTL and conditional QTL analysis, the green related characters of green photosynthetic organs of flag leaf and non-leaf in different filling stages were analyzed, and the developmental genetic characteristics of green organs in different green organs of wheat could be understood. The identification of stable markers closely linked to green-holding genes in wheat, which are not affected by the environment, and the application of these markers to drought-resistant molecular marker-assisted breeding can greatly shorten the breeding life. In order to improve the efficiency of drought resistance and high light efficiency breeding of wheat, the RIL population (10x Lumai 14) containing 306 lines was used as the material to study the spa dlad and senescence characteristic parameters of flag leaves at different stages of grain filling. The dynamic changes of chlorophyll content in flag leaf were analyzed by non conditional QTL and conditional QTL analysis, and the wheat DH population (10 脳 Lumai 14) containing 150 lines was used as the material. The phenotypic variation of chlorophyll content in flag leaf and non-leaf organ at different filling stage was analyzed under different water conditions, and the chlorophyll content of green organs was analyzed by conditional QTL and non-conditional QTL. The main results were as follows: 1. The changes of SPAD and GLAD in flag leaves of wheat during the whole filling stage were complex, showing the dynamic characteristics of 'slow, fast and slow'. There were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between SPAD and yield per plant, ear number per plant, grain number per ear, and grain width, grain thickness and 1000-grain weight at late grain filling stage. The correlation and correlation coefficient between SPAD and yield characters in the middle and late stage of grain filling were significantly better than those of GLAD and senescence characteristic parameters, and the measurement was relatively simple. It is more suitable for rapid screening of green holding materials. 2. Under two water conditions, At different filling stage (stage, unconditioned QTL and conditional QTL), 7 and 6 additive QTLs were detected to control chlorophyll content in flag leaves, respectively, and the contribution rate to phenotypic variation was 2.12g / 12.80. The expression of these QTL was spatiotemporal and specific. That is to say, most of QTL were expressed only at one specific stage of development, and QTLs, which could be expressed continuously during the whole filling period, were not detected. The developmental genetic characteristics of controlling chlorophyll content in flag leaves were different under two kinds of water conditions. Both non-conditional QTL and conditional QTL methods showed that the number of QTL detected under drought stress was higher than that under normal irrigation condition. Qchl-5A.1 could be detected simultaneously in several periods under two water conditions, and had a higher genetic contribution to phenotype. It has the prospect of application in MAS breeding. Under two kinds of water conditions, At different filling stages, 54 additive QTL and 29 epistatic QTLs were detected to control chlorophyll content, and the contribution to phenotypic variation was between 1.02g and 20.95%. QTL, which controlled chlorophyll content in various green organs, was found in most of the stages. The WMC74-Xgwm291-Xgwm410 marker interval on chromosome 5A and the Xgwm181-Xgwm340-xgwm247 marker interval on chromosome 3B detected multiple major QTLs that controlled the chlorophyll content of various green organs, so as to explore these hot spots. It is of great significance for fine location and map cloning in the later stage.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1

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