橘小实蝇在全球的种群结构、定殖风险及潜在分布研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:05

  本文选题：橘小实蝇　切入点：几何形态测量学　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel),隶属于双翅目Diptera、实蝇科Tephritidae、果实蝇属Bactrocera,是全球广泛关注的重要果蔬害虫。在我国,果实蝇属被列为进境检疫性有害生物,橘小实蝇被列为国家重点管理的外来入侵物种。2014年,入侵果实蝇B.invadens Drew TsurutaWhite、木瓜实蝇B.papayae DrewHancock 以及菲律宾实蝇B.philippinen is DrewHancock被证明与橘小实蝇为同一物种,该物种的分布范围从非洲跨越亚洲直到太平洋地区,本研究在"四合一"的新背景下在全球的大尺度分布范围内研究了橘小实蝇的种群结构、定殖风险以及潜在分布,主要方法、结果与结论如下:(1)利用翅的几何形态学对橘小实蝇的六个组群,63个地理种群1216个个体的种群结构进行研究,结果表明橘小实蝇的翅形结构差异不明显,中国中部组群翅的质心大小最大,南亚组群翅的质心大小最小。(2)利用微卫星分子标记对橘小实蝇的六个组群,63个地理种群2867个个体的种群遗传结构进行研究,结果表明橘小实蝇的亚洲种群遗传结构差异不明显,橘小实蝇可能起源于印度,非洲的新入侵种群可能也来源于印度,中国中部地区的新入侵组群表现出了较高的遗传多样性说明不是单次入侵的结果。(3)利用SOM工具对全球177种重要经济实蝇在118个国家的定殖风险进行研究并筛选出橘小实蝇在尚未分布国家的定殖风险排序,结果表明橘小实蝇在尚未定殖的大部分国家表现出了较高的定殖可能性,在亚洲的日本、也门,非洲的佛得角、马达加斯加、马拉维,南美洲的智利、乌拉圭,以及大洋洲的澳大利亚,橘小实蝇在177种实蝇中的定殖概率均排在第一位,而且地理临近的国家通常具有相似的实蝇集合体,更应严加防范。(4)利用生态位模型Maxent对橘小实蝇在当前以及未来(2050年以及2070年)的RCP2.6以及RCP8.5的情景下的潜在地理分布进行研究,结果表明橘小实蝇在当前的潜在分布范围除已有分布的亚洲太平洋地区、非洲地区外,美国的西部沿岸地区、东南部地区,中美洲以及南美洲的大部分地区,欧洲的地中海沿岸的部分地区以及澳洲的北部及沿海地区、新西兰的北岛部分地区也是该物种的适生区,而且随着气候变化,温室气体二氧化碳类似物的排放量增加,橘小实蝇在全球的适生范围会进一步扩张,适生区的适生程度也有所提高。(5)根据以上研究成果,美国的西北部、东南部地区,中美洲以及南美洲的大部分地区,欧洲的地中海沿岸以及中北部地区,中国的北部地区,澳大利亚的北部以及沿海地区,新西兰的北岛地区应加强针对橘小实蝇的入侵防控措施,防止其进一步扩散和危害。本研究为全球橘小实蝇入侵防控措施的制定提供了理论依据和技术支持,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
[Abstract]:Bactrocera dorsalis Hendelus, belonging to Diptera, Tephritidaeae, is one of the most important fruit and vegetable pests in the world. In 2014, B. invadens Drew Tsuruta White, B.papayae DrewHancock and B.philippinen is DrewHancock were found to be the same species. The species is distributed from Africa to Asia to the Pacific. In this study, the population structure, colonization risk and potential distribution of small fruit fly were studied in the new background of "four-in-one". Methods: the main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) using the geometric morphology of wings, the population structure of 1216 individuals in 6 groups and 63 geographical populations of the fruit fly was studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the wing structure of the fly. The centroid size was the largest in central China and the smallest in South Asia group.) the genetic structure of six populations and 63 geographic populations of Citrus fruticosa was studied by using microsatellite molecular markers. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the genetic structure of the Asian population of the fruit fly. The fruit fly probably originated from India, and the new invasive population of Africa may also come from India. The high genetic diversity of the new invasive populations in central China shows that it is not the result of a single invasion.) the colonization risk of 177 important economic fly species in 118 countries was studied by using SOM tool. The sequence of colonization risks of small fruit flies in countries not yet distributed, The results showed that the fruit fly had a higher colonization possibility in most of the countries that had not colonized, in Japan, Yemen, Cape Verde, Madagascar, Malawi, Chile, Uruguay, South America, in Asia, in Yemen, in Africa, in Cape Verde, Madagascar, Malawi, in South America, in Chile, Uruguay, in South America. And in Australia, Oceania, the probability of colonization of small orange flies in 177 species is the highest, and neighbouring countries often have similar collections of fruit flies. The niche model Maxent was used to study the potential geographical distribution of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 in the current and future (2050 and 2070) scenarios. The results show that the current potential distribution of the fruit fly is not only in the Asia Pacific, Africa, but also in the western coast of the United States, in the southeast, in Central America and most of South America. Parts of Europe's Mediterranean coast and northern and coastal Australia, and parts of New Zealand's North Island are also suitable areas for the species, and greenhouse gas carbon dioxide analogues are emitted as climate changes. According to the results of the study, the northwestern, southeastern, Central and South American regions of the United States, The Mediterranean and north-central regions of Europe, the northern part of China, the northern and coastal regions of Australia, and the North Island of New Zealand should step up their invasion and control measures against the fruit fly. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the establishment of measures to prevent and control the invasion and control of small fruit fly in the world, and has important theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S433
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本文编号：1630299