高压电场处理对谷子幼苗生理效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:09

本文选题：高压电场 + 谷子种子　；参考：《山西农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：电场作为自然界存在物质,对环境中生物的生长会产生不同程度的影响。利用高压电场这项物理技术处理植物种子,提高其萌发活力,促进农业增产增效已成为生物物理研究的重要内容。本研究中,谷子种子的萌发试验在运城农业职业技术学院植物生理试验室进行,生理生化试验在山西省农科院棉花研究所作物生理试验室进行,大田试验在山西省农科院棉花研究所南化农场进行。本试验以农大八号谷子种子为试材,利用高压电场发生装置处理谷子种子,采用二次通用旋转组合设计与主成分分析相结合的方法,进行回归建模,筛选高压电场处理谷子种子的优化条件；在(二因素电场强度和处理时间与发芽综合指标Y)回归建模基础上,以Y最大值时,二因素取值作为优化电场处理条件(电场强度为340kV/m,处理时间为14min)对谷子种子进行处理,测定萌发期内源激素含量和α-淀粉酶活性的动态变化,探讨其对谷子种子萌发生理的影响；在优化处理条件的区间范围内,采用完全随机设计的方法,取电场强度为300kV/m,350kV/m、400kV/m,处理时间为5min、10min作为处理条件处理谷子种子,测定并分析谷子种子萌发期各项生理生化指标的变化情况；在大田实验中,采用随机区组试验设计方法,探讨高压电场对谷子苗期光合特性及孕穗期抗旱生理的影响,结论如下：1、采用二次通用旋转组合设计,在电场强度为50-600kV/m、处理时间为5-20min范围内处理谷子种子,进行种子萌发实验。结果表明：各处理的7项发芽指标与对照之间的差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),除T_4的发芽势、发芽率和T_5的发芽率、根长略低于对照外,其余各处理的的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、发芽指数、鲜质量和活力指数均高于对照,尤其是芽长和活力指数提高的幅度最为明显,分别为52.47%、31.53%。对以上7项发芽指标进行主成分分析,得出综合指标Y=0.357Z_1+0.375Z_2+ 0.372Z_3+0.385Z_4+0.372Z_5+0.384Z_6+0.400Z_7。主成分分析结果表明：经高压电场处理后,各处理的萌发活力综合指标值与对照相比,均有不同程度的提高,综合排序依次为T_(10)、T_(11)、T_9、T_(13)、T_(12)、T_8、T_2、T_3、T_1、T_7、T_6、T_4、T_5、CK,其中处理T_(10)、T_(11)、T_9、T_(13)、T_(12)所对应的Y值与CK相比,提高幅度较大,T_8也有明显提高,T_5提高幅度不大。2、对综合指标Y进行回归分析,得到电场强度和处理时间对谷子种子发芽综合指标Y的数学模型Y=2.3800+0.7337X_1+0.6985X_2-2.3963X_1~2-0.8963X_2~2-1.0500X_1X_2。结果表明：不同电场处理条件对谷子种子发芽综合指标影响均达显著水平(P0.05),回归方程与实际情况拟合性较好,能够较好反映谷子种子发芽综合指标与电场强度和处理时间的关系；对模型的主因素效应解析表明：二因素对谷子种子发芽综合指标影响效应顺序为电场强度处理时间,且都表现为正效应。单因素效应表明：二因素对谷子种子发芽综合指标的影响存在临界效应。二因素耦合效应解析表明：二因素对谷子种子发芽综合指标影响有阈值效应,且呈现显著负交互效应(P0.05)。经模型寻优,满足谷子种子发芽综合指标≥0.35优化方案为：电场强度295-432 kV/m,处理时间10-17min。3、在对综合指标Y回归建模基础上,以Y为最大值时,电场强度取340kV/m,处理时间取14min,作为电场处理条件对谷子种子进行处理,在种子萌发的不同阶段(萌发前干种子、种子萌动、胚根长为种子长1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、发芽结束)测定其内源激素含量和α-淀粉酶活性的动态变化。结果表明：高压电场处理能诱导谷子种子中内源IAA、ZR和GA含量增加,抑制ABA含量的增加；种子萌动前后,内源IAA、GA迅速上升、ABA快速下降,ZR在萌动时也达到极值,有利于胚根突破种皮,促进种子的萌动；GA/ABA、IAA/ABA处理后比值均高于对照,表明高压静电场处理后内源激素比值的变化是种子萌发活力提高的诱因,而ZR/ABA处理在其后呈现了缓慢下降的趋势,但其值仍高于对照,表明ZR促进种子的萌发,但对后期胚根的伸长贡献逐步减小；α-淀粉酶活性在萌发过程中呈现逐步快速升高后缓慢下降的变化趋势,不同萌发阶段,优化处理条件下α-淀粉酶活性都要高于对照,这可能与GA对其的诱导调控有关。4、在优化区间内,电场强度取300 kV/m、350 kV/m.400kV/m,处理时间取10 min、15min,采用完全随机试验设计对谷子种子进行处理,测定萌发期生理生化指标。结果表明：各处理的可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均高于对照,丙二醛(MDA)的含量均低于对照,表明高压电场处理谷子种子后,可加快种子内营养物质的转换和种子萌发过程中代谢活动,促进了种子的萌发,且有效地减轻膜脂过氧化的作用,增强膜系统的修复能力。5、优化方案(电场强度取300kV/m、350kV/m.400kV/m,处理时间取10min、15min)处理谷子种子后,采用随机区组试验设计方法进行大田试验,测定谷子苗期的光合特性。结果表明：各处理组谷子苗期叶片的叶绿素含量、氮含量均高于对照,叶绿素含量的大小顺序为T_4T_2T_6T_3T_5T_1CK,氮含量的大小顺序为T_2T_4T_3 T_6T_5T_1CK,表明适宜的高压电场处理谷子种子后,对苗期叶片叶绿素含量、氮含量的提高均有一定的促进作用。苗期叶片在各时段内的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均高于对照,胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)均低于对照。光合特性各指标的相关性分析表明：叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度数值变化呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关关系(P0.05)。6、优化方案(电场强度取300kV/m、350kV/m、400kV/m,处理时间取10min、15min)处理谷子种子后,采用随机区组试验设计方法进行大田试验,利用遮雨棚对谷子生长进行抗旱处理,测定谷孕穗期抗旱生理指标,结果表明：高压电场处理后的谷子叶片可溶性总糖(SS)含量、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量均高于对照,其中T_4、T_2提高最为明显,与对照差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),其余各处理与对照相比,差异不显著；各处理的SOD、POD酶活性均高于对照,与对照组间的差异都达到显著水平(P0.05)(除T_1外),T_2、T_4提高幅度较大；各处理的丙二醛含量均低于对照,与对照间差异均达到显著水平(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:In this study , the germination test of grain seeds is carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the Institute of Cotton Research in Yuncheng Agricultural College . The physiological and biochemical tests are carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the Institute of Cotton , Shanxi Academy of Agriculture .
On the basis of ( two - factor electric field intensity and processing time and germinated comprehensive index Y ) regression modeling , taking the Y maximum value , the two factors value as the optimized electric field treatment condition ( electric field intensity is 340kV / m , the treatment time is 14min ) , the dynamic changes of the content of the source hormone and the activity of the alpha - amylase in the germination period are determined , and the influence on the seed germination physiology of the millet seeds is discussed ;
In the interval range of optimal processing conditions , the method of completely random design was adopted , the electric field intensity was 300kV / m , 350kV / m , 400kV / m , the treatment time was 5min , 10min as the treatment condition , the grain seed was treated , and the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed .
The effects of high - voltage electric field on photosynthetic characteristics and drought - resistant physiology during booting stage were studied in the field experiment . The results showed that : 1 . The germination rate , germination percentage , bud length , root length , germination index , fresh quality and vigor index of each treatment were significantly higher than those of control . The results showed that the comprehensive indexes were T _ ( 10 ) , T _ ( 11 ) , T _ 9 , T _ ( 13 ) , T _ ( 12 ) , T _ 8 , T _ 2 , T _ 3 , T _ 1 , T _ 7 , T _ 6 , T _ 4 , T _ 5 , and CK . The results showed that T _ ( 10 ) , T _ ( 11 ) , T _ 9 were treated . The Y value of T _ ( 13 ) and T _ ( 12 ) is higher than CK , and the increase of T _ 8 is much higher . T _ 5 is not much larger . The mathematical model Y = 2.3800 + 0.7337X _ 1 + 0.6985X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 ~ 2 - 1.0500X _ 1X _ 2 .
The effects of two factors on the germination comprehensive index of grain seeds were studied . The results showed that the two factors had a threshold effect on the comprehensive index of seed germination . The results showed that two factors had a threshold effect on the comprehensive index of seed germination . The results showed that the high voltage electric field could induce the content of IAA , ZR and GA in the seeds of the grains to increase , and the increase of ABA content was inhibited .
Before and after seed germination , the endogenous IAA , GA increased rapidly , ABA declined rapidly , ZR also reached the extreme value during germination , which was beneficial to the radicle breaking through seed coat and promoting seed germination ;
The ratio of GA / ABA and IAA / ABA was higher than that of control , indicating that the change of endogenous hormone ratio after high - voltage electrostatic field was higher than that of control , while ZR / ABA treatment showed a tendency of slow descent , but the value of ZR / ABA was higher than that of control , indicating that ZR promoted seed germination , but the elongation contribution to the latter was gradually decreased .
The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in seedling stage were higher than that of control group . The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in seedling stage were higher than that of control group . The results showed that the content of soluble total sugar ( SS ) and soluble protein ( SP ) of the millet were higher than that of the control group . The results showed that the content of soluble total sugar ( SS ) and soluble protein ( SP ) of the millet were higher than that of the control group after the high voltage electric field treatment .
The activity of SOD and POD in each treatment was higher than that of control group ( P0.05 ) ( except T _ 1 ) , while T _ 2 and T _ 4 increased .
The content of MDA in each treatment was lower than that of control group ( P0.05 ) .

【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S515

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