不同种植密度与施氮水平下高产玉米品种的干物质与氮素累积分配及氮密互作研究

发布时间：2021-03-20 13:41

　　玉米产量在过去十几年已显著提高,而氮的利用效率（NUE）则由于氮肥过量施用而远远落后于这一增长。由于现代杂交种对氮肥的反应更强,因此,以高氮肥投入来提高产量,却导致氮素淋溶问题和氮素回收率低。每个玉米品种都有其遗传和农艺特性,应通过优化农艺管理措施加以发挥品种特性,挖掘作物生产潜力。在此背景下,本研究进行了两年田间试验（2017年和2018年）,通过RCBD田间设计,定量化我国主要的高产玉米品种（ZD958,XY335）在不同的氮素投入（0N,120N,240N,450N）和种植密度下（67,500和90,000株ha-1）的氮素吸收和再分配,并研究其氮密互作效应。这项研究的具体目标是:a)研究氮素吸收和转运的变化规律,b)评估氮素施用量和种植密度对干物质积累,作物产量和产量构成因子的影响,c)研究高氮和高密度相互作用对作物冠层内光分布、光合性能和气体交换参数的影响;d)定量高密群体不同土壤深度下的Nmin淋溶程度,以定量化群体氮素吸收量;e)定量不同种植密度下的氮需求和再分配。主要研究结果如下:1)高密度显著提高群体产量,而过量施氮并没有带来产量显著提高。XY335在高密度（90,0... 

【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市

【文章页数】：162 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION
    1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
    1.2 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH YIELD IN MAIZE
    1.3 BREEDING EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
    1.4 AGRONOMIC EFFORTS IN MAIZE YIELD IMPROVEMENT
    1.5 HURDLES AND LIMITATION IN ACHIEVING YIELD POTENTIAL
    1.6 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD
        1.6.1 Nitrogen use efficiency and N uptake improvement through breeding
        1.6.2 Agronomic practices for N management in high density maize
    1.7 PROBLEM STATEMENT
    1.8 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 FIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND SITE DESCRIPTION
    2.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND TREATMENT SETUP
    2.3 PLANT MATERIAL
    2.4 AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANT SAMPLING
    2.5 MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
        2.5.1 Plant sampling for leaf area,DMA and nutrient concentration
        2.5.2 Crop growth parameters
        2.5.3 Canopy light interception,Photosynthesis and SPAD measurements
        2.5.4 Grain filling duration and grain filling rate
        2.5.5 Yield and yield components
        2.5.6 Soil Nmin determination
        2.5.7 Plant N analysis,N use efficiency（NUE）and NUE components
        2.5.8 Statistical Methods and Analysis
CHAPTER 3.YIELD,DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND CANOPY TRAITS
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
        3.1.1 An overview of maize agronomy under different managements
    3.2 RESULTS
        3.2.1 Grain yield and yield attributes
        3.2.2 Leaf area index and green leaf number
        3.2.3 Dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning
        3.2.4 Plant height,ear height and stem diameter
        3.2.5 Grain filling rate
    3.3 DISCUSSION
        3.3.1 Maize hybrids differ greatly for yield traits under nitrogen and density stress
        3.3.2 Characteristics of yield improvement under high density and high nitrogen
        3.3.3 Post-silking dry matter accumulation contributed more in hundred seed weight as a function of source-sink balance
        3.3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 RESULTS
        4.2.1 SPAD measurements
        4.2.2 Gaseous exchange measurements
        4.2.3 Light distribution within crop canopy
    4.3 DISCUSSION
        4.3.1 High N rate maintains SPAD and photosynthetic activity of maize hybrids
        4.3.2 High density and high N interplay for light distribution within crop canopy
        4.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.PLANT NITROGEN UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
    5.1 INTRODUCTION
    5.2 RESULTS
        5.2.1 Nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）and components of NUE
        5.2.2 N translocation and translocation efficiency
    5.3 DISCUSSION
        5.3.1 Characteristics of maize hybrids regarding N uptake and utilization efficiency
        5.3.2 High N rate and high planting density maximized the NUE
        5.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6.SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN DYNAMICS
    6.1 INTRODUCTION
    6.2 RESULTS
4-N）status in soil">        6.2.1 Ammonium-N（NH₄-N）status in soil
3-N）status in soil">        6.2.2 Nitrate-N（NO₃-N）status in soil
    6.3 DISCUSSION
        6.3.1 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil ammonium N
        6.3.2 Effects of N rates and plant density on soil nitrate N
        6.3.3 Conclusion
CHAPTER 7.SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
References
Appendix 1:Yield,dry matter accumulation and canopy traits
Appendix 2:Photosynthesis and light distribution
Appendix 3:Plant nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency
Appendix 4:Soil mineral nitrogen dynamics
Appendix 5.Layout for field experiment
Acknowledgements
Curriculum Vitae


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