种植绿肥结合磷肥减施对小麦生长和土壤性质的影响
发布时间：2021-07-03 10:42
磷（P）是地球上所有生命形式的基本元素。磷素是继氮（N）之后作物生产中最重要的矿质养分,作物生产中土壤需要充足的磷供应。然而,在中国的粮食生产和其他作物系统中磷肥的过度使用都很常见。在我国北方石灰性土壤中磷素主要以无机态形式存在,约占土壤全磷的70-80%。然而磷素在施入土壤后大部分被土壤吸附固定转化为缓效态和高稳态积累在土壤中。磷肥的较低利用率使得大多数磷素积累在土壤中,形成了巨大的潜在磷库,不仅降低磷素的有效性,而且还会影响磷肥利用率,并且导致磷素资源浪费和流失的风险。黄土高原是中国重要的农作物产区,冬小麦-夏季休耕是该地区的主要农作物系统之一。在冬小麦种植过程中,磷肥的过量施用逐渐增加。夏季休耕种植绿色肥料可以提高土壤肥力,提高降雨利用效率,是发展可持续农业的有效措施之一。但是,是否可以种植绿色肥料,影响土壤化学性质,激活土壤不溶性磷,增加土壤有效磷含量,促进冬小麦磷吸收,减少肥料中磷的施用量?在黄土高原渭北旱地的半干旱气候条件下,很少有此类研究报道。在田间开展了3年的试验,以期了解不同的夏闲期绿肥与磷肥用量对于土壤磷有效性、土壤化学性质（包括土壤有机质,土壤硝态氮残留,土壤全氮...
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：147 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER Ⅰ:GENERAL INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER Ⅱ:REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER USE IN CHINA
2.2 WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEM OF CHINA
2.3 HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF GREEN MANURE CULTIVATION
2.4 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON SOIL PROPERTIES
2.5 BENEFITS ON SOIL PROPERTIES
2.5.1 Soil organic matter and carbon
2.5.2 Soil nitrogen
2.6 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON P AVAILABILITY
2.6.1 Phosphorus acquisition by cover crops
2.6.2 Root architecture
2.6.3 Phosphorus mobilization
2.6.4 Mineralization
2.6.5 Cover crops under different soil management strategies
2.6.6 Soil P and fertilization
2.6.7 Cover cropping:long term effects and adoption
2.6.8 Conceptual framework:how do cover crops affect P dynamics?
2.7 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
2.8 RESEARCH ROUTE
CHAPTER Ⅲ:IMPACT OF GREEN MANURES COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS RATES ON WHEAT GROWTH AND SOIL PROPERTIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.2.1 Experimental Site
3.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
3.2.3 Sampling and analysis
3.2.4 Laboratory measurements
3.2.5 Calculations and data analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Wheat yield,biomass,harvest index and spike numbers
3.3.2 Wheat P uptake,Grain NPK content,PFP
3.3.3 Soil P balance
3.3.4 Soil organic matter
3.3.5 Soil total nitrogen
3.3.6 Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen storage
3.3.7 Green manure production and P accumulation
3.3.8 Soil available P
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 Wheat growth& green manure biomass
3.4.2 Soil available P and P uptake
3.4.3 Soil organic matter,residual nitrate storage
CHAPTER Ⅳ:DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE BY THE GREEN MANURES UNDER NYLON BAG EXPERIMENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Experimental site
4.2.2 Laboratory measurements
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Biomass decomposition rate
4.3.2 Accumulative carbon release rate
4.3.3 Accumulative nitrogen release rate
4.3.4 Accumulative phosphorus release rate
4.3.5 C:N& C:P ratio
4.4 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER Ⅴ: CHANGES IN PHOSPHORUS FRACTION AND ~(31)P NMR COMPONENTS UNDER LONG TERM GM-SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Experimental site
5.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
5.2.3 Sampling and analysis
5.2.4 Laboratory measurements
5.2.5 Phosphorus measurement
5.2.6 ~(31)P NMR specific chemical P components
5.2.7 Data processing and statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Soil P fractions
5.3.2 Wheat yield,biomass and other growth components
5.3.3 Grain P content and P uptake
5.3.4 Quantification of P species from ~(31)P-NMR
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.4.1 Soil P fractions and ~(31)P NMR
5.4.2 Wheat growth,P uptake
CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
6.1 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
6.2 Novelty
6.3 Future perspective
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT AUTHOR
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]中国粮食生产中化肥过量施用评价及影响因素研究[J]. 史常亮,郭焱,朱俊峰. 农业现代化研究. 2016(04)
[2]Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilization and straw incorporation on phosphorus fractions in subtropical paddy soil[J]. LI Yu-yuan,YANG Rui,GAO Ru,WEI Hong-an,CHEN An-lei,LI Yong. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(02)
[3]Effect of Land Cover Change on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China[J]. D. K. LEE. Pedosphere. 2008(06)
[4]关乎我国资源、环境、粮食安全和可持续发展的化肥产业[J]. 马文奇,张福锁,张卫锋. 资源科学. 2005(03)
[5]土壤磷淋失机理初步研究[J]. 杨学云,P.C.Brookes,李生秀. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2004(05)
[6]黄土区地膜覆盖对麦田土壤微生物体碳的影响[J]. 宋秋华,李凤民,刘洪升,王俊,李世清. 应用生态学报. 2003(09)
[7]黄土旱塬长期施肥条件下土壤磷素变化及管理[J]. 来璐,郝明德,彭令发. 水土保持研究. 2003(01)
[8]石灰性土壤无机磷分级体系的研究[J]. 蒋柏藩,顾益初. 中国农业科学. 1989(03)
本文编号：3262425
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：147 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER Ⅰ:GENERAL INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER Ⅱ:REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER USE IN CHINA
2.2 WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEM OF CHINA
2.3 HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF GREEN MANURE CULTIVATION
2.4 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON SOIL PROPERTIES
2.5 BENEFITS ON SOIL PROPERTIES
2.5.1 Soil organic matter and carbon
2.5.2 Soil nitrogen
2.6 ROLE OF GREEN MANURES ON P AVAILABILITY
2.6.1 Phosphorus acquisition by cover crops
2.6.2 Root architecture
2.6.3 Phosphorus mobilization
2.6.4 Mineralization
2.6.5 Cover crops under different soil management strategies
2.6.6 Soil P and fertilization
2.6.7 Cover cropping:long term effects and adoption
2.6.8 Conceptual framework:how do cover crops affect P dynamics?
2.7 PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
2.8 RESEARCH ROUTE
CHAPTER Ⅲ:IMPACT OF GREEN MANURES COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS RATES ON WHEAT GROWTH AND SOIL PROPERTIES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.2.1 Experimental Site
3.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
3.2.3 Sampling and analysis
3.2.4 Laboratory measurements
3.2.5 Calculations and data analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Wheat yield,biomass,harvest index and spike numbers
3.3.2 Wheat P uptake,Grain NPK content,PFP
3.3.3 Soil P balance
3.3.4 Soil organic matter
3.3.5 Soil total nitrogen
3.3.6 Soil Nitrate-Nitrogen storage
3.3.7 Green manure production and P accumulation
3.3.8 Soil available P
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 Wheat growth& green manure biomass
3.4.2 Soil available P and P uptake
3.4.3 Soil organic matter,residual nitrate storage
CHAPTER Ⅳ:DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RELEASE BY THE GREEN MANURES UNDER NYLON BAG EXPERIMENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Experimental site
4.2.2 Laboratory measurements
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Biomass decomposition rate
4.3.2 Accumulative carbon release rate
4.3.3 Accumulative nitrogen release rate
4.3.4 Accumulative phosphorus release rate
4.3.5 C:N& C:P ratio
4.4 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER Ⅴ: CHANGES IN PHOSPHORUS FRACTION AND ~(31)P NMR COMPONENTS UNDER LONG TERM GM-SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Experimental site
5.2.2 Experimental design and management practices
5.2.3 Sampling and analysis
5.2.4 Laboratory measurements
5.2.5 Phosphorus measurement
5.2.6 ~(31)P NMR specific chemical P components
5.2.7 Data processing and statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Soil P fractions
5.3.2 Wheat yield,biomass and other growth components
5.3.3 Grain P content and P uptake
5.3.4 Quantification of P species from ~(31)P-NMR
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.4.1 Soil P fractions and ~(31)P NMR
5.4.2 Wheat growth,P uptake
CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
6.1 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
6.2 Novelty
6.3 Future perspective
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT AUTHOR
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]中国粮食生产中化肥过量施用评价及影响因素研究[J]. 史常亮,郭焱,朱俊峰. 农业现代化研究. 2016(04)
[2]Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilization and straw incorporation on phosphorus fractions in subtropical paddy soil[J]. LI Yu-yuan,YANG Rui,GAO Ru,WEI Hong-an,CHEN An-lei,LI Yong. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015(02)
[3]Effect of Land Cover Change on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China[J]. D. K. LEE. Pedosphere. 2008(06)
[4]关乎我国资源、环境、粮食安全和可持续发展的化肥产业[J]. 马文奇,张福锁,张卫锋. 资源科学. 2005(03)
[5]土壤磷淋失机理初步研究[J]. 杨学云,P.C.Brookes,李生秀. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2004(05)
[6]黄土区地膜覆盖对麦田土壤微生物体碳的影响[J]. 宋秋华,李凤民,刘洪升,王俊,李世清. 应用生态学报. 2003(09)
[7]黄土旱塬长期施肥条件下土壤磷素变化及管理[J]. 来璐,郝明德,彭令发. 水土保持研究. 2003(01)
[8]石灰性土壤无机磷分级体系的研究[J]. 蒋柏藩,顾益初. 中国农业科学. 1989(03)
本文编号：3262425
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