论检察机关在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的角色和地位

发布时间：2017-12-27 03:04

本文关键词：论检察机关在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的角色和地位　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：食品安全在世界范围内都是极受关注的事情,食品危机也在各个国家不时发生,在我国,食品安全问题则更为严峻。食品安全方面的法律并不足善,政府的行政监管虽不断加强力度,但仍无法完全到位,对于问题的发现也并不及时,食品安全问题的层出不穷,让广大消费者无法安心消费,社会公众的合法利益不时遭到侵害,已严重影响了社会的安定稳定。在这样的背景下,通过司法途径解决不失为一种有效的办法,但普通的侵权之诉对受害者而言也并不简单,诉讼能力的缺乏与不足难以有效地让他们维护自身的权利,故而民事公益诉讼的存在则必不可少。新修改的民事诉讼法第55条已对公益诉讼作出了明文规定,公益诉讼之目的就是为了保护社会公共利益,所以有关主体应当有权对危害国家、社会和不特定社会公众利益的不法行为提起诉讼以追究其法律责任。修改后民诉法把公益诉讼的原告限定为法律规定的机关和有关社会组织,全国人大常委会也授权检察机关开展公益诉讼的试点工作,在此背景下,本文仅针对检察机关在食品安全民事公益诉讼中的主体地位展开研究,以期对检察机关的试点工作能有一定的助益。文章通过对我国当前食品安全问题进行分析,提出食品安全民事公益诉讼存在的现实需求,进而对检察机关参与食品安全民事公益诉讼的实践现状展开讨论、提出问题,并结合域外相关司法实践情况,最后提出检察机关参与食品安全民事公益诉讼路径的完善建议。第一部分是对食品安全民事公益诉讼进行价值辨析及现状分析。这部分从食品安全的各类救济途径入手,通过分析行政监管无法全面及时的进行监管及民事私益诉讼难以达到众多消费者维权的目的等困境,进而提出民事公益诉讼存在的现实需求及实践困境。第二部分是对检察机关参与食品安全民事公益诉讼的实践展开讨论。这部分对检察机关开展食品安全民事公益诉讼的试点工作展开分析,同时提出检察机关试点工作中面临的问题,如检察机关的主体定位、应提出何种诉请及与其他主体之间的关系处理等。第三部分是食品安全民事公益诉讼的域外借鉴。这部分通过对英美法系、大陆法系中民事公益诉讼的概括介绍,并结合分析美、日、法三国的司法实践,提出对域外民事公益诉讼制度借鉴的思考。第四部分是对检察机关参与食品安全民事公益诉讼路径的完善建议。这部分通过对检察机关的诉前程序及直接提起诉讼时的程序进行讨论,最后提出完善路径建议。
[Abstract]:Food safety is a world of great concern, food crisis is also occurring in every country, in our country, food safety is more serious. Food safety laws and the lack of good government supervision has been strengthened, but still not fully in place, for the discovery of the problem is not timely, emerge in an endless stream of food safety problems, so that consumers can not feel at ease consumption, the legitimate interests of the public from time to time be damaged, has seriously affected the stability of society. In this context, it is an effective way to resolve through legal channels, but the common tort to the victim is not simple, lack of ability and lack of effective action to allow them to maintain their own rights, and civil litigation are essential. Fifty-fifth a new revision of the civil procedure law has made provisions for public interest litigation, public interest litigation, the purpose is to protect the public interests of the society, so the subject should have the right to harm national, social and public interests are not specific the illegal acts of lawsuits to pursue its legal responsibility. The revised civil procedure the plaintiff in public interest litigation is limited to the law of the relevant organs and social organizations, the National People's Congress also authorized the pilot work of procuratorial organs to carry out public interest litigation, under this background, this paper focuses only on the procuratorial organs subject status in civil litigation in food safety research, to offer some help to the pilot the work of procuratorial organs. Based on the current food safety problems in China were analyzed, put forward the realistic demand of food safety civil public litigation, and present situation of procuratorial organs to participate in food safety civil public interest litigation, discussion questions, and combining foreign relevant judicial practice, and finally puts forward the procuratorial organs to participate in food safety civil public interest litigation path suggestions. The first part is the analysis of the value of the civil public interest litigation of food safety and the analysis of the status quo. This part from the various types of food safety relief ways, it is difficult to achieve through the analysis of the administrative supervision can not be comprehensive and timely supervision and civil interest litigation rights to the plight of many consumers, and then put forward the practical need of civil litigation and practice dilemma. The second part is the discussion on the practice of the procuratorial organs participating in the civil public welfare litigation of food safety. This part of the procuratorial organ to carry out the pilot work of food safety civil litigation analysis, and puts forward the facing problems in the pilot work of procuratorial organs, such as the main location, procuratorial organs should be put forward and what petitioned with the other main relations etc.. The third part is the extraterritorial reference of the civil public welfare litigation of food safety. This part introduces the civil public interest litigation in Anglo American law system and continental law system, and analyzes the judicial practice of the United States, Japan and France, and puts forward the reference for the extraterritorial civil public interest litigation system. The fourth part is the suggestion to the procuratorial organs to participate in the food safety civil public interest litigation. This part discusses the procedure of prosecution before the prosecution and the procedure of direct prosecution, and finally puts forward suggestions to improve the path.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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