论见义勇为行为人权益的民法保护

发布时间：2018-01-02 10:15

本文关键词：论见义勇为行为人权益的民法保护　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：见义勇为乃受我国主流价值观鼓励和倡导的道德行为,我国法律未对见义勇为行为作出直接的、系统的规定,只是散见于《民法总则》、《民法通则》、《侵权责任法》、《民法总则》和地方性法规。实践中存在着见义勇为行为得不到认定、行为人受侵害而权益得不到保护、行为人致损却承担法律责任等情形,致使较为普遍地存在着不敢见义勇为或者见义勇为者反被误解等突出的社会问题,见义勇为之社会价值受到社会现实的严峻考验。见义勇为是指行为人基于非己利益为防止正在进行的紧急侵害行为而实施的危难救助行为,其民法属性为紧急救助行为。见义勇为行为人在见义勇为过程中遭受的损失,依法享有对侵权人的侵权损害赔偿请求权和对受益人的无因管理请求权。二者因法律关系主体不一且因同一侵害事实发生,排斥请求权竞合。见义勇为行为人应优先选择对侵权人的侵权损害赔偿请求权,在没有侵权人、侵权人下落不明或者没有赔偿能力时,见义勇为行为人可行使对受益人的无因管理请求权。民法赋予见义勇为行为人对受益人请求承担补偿责任的方式,受益人承担的补偿责任和侵权人的侵权责任乃不真正连带责任,最终的责任主体是侵权人,应赋予受益人在侵权人出现或者有赔偿能力时对其追偿的权利。见义勇为行为人从侵权人或受益人处获得的救济,均存在着请求权主张上的困难,受益人补偿使其获得的救济有限,向侵权人主张请求权又会受制于侵权责任构成要件成就之举证。要切实保障见义勇为行为人的权益,应跳出民法视野,宜由国家设立见义勇为救助基金向见义勇为行为人先行赔付,再由该基金替代见义勇为行为人向侵权人、受益人主张赔偿或补偿责任。
[Abstract]:Courage for good is a moral act encouraged and advocated by the mainstream values of our country. The laws of our country do not make direct and systematic provisions on the act of doing good deeds, but they are scattered in the General principles of Civil Law and the General principles of Civil Law. "Tort liability Law", "General principles of Civil Law" and local laws and regulations. In practice, there are such situations as the act of doing justice is not recognized, the actor is infringed and his rights and interests are not protected, and the actor is liable for damages. As a result, there are some prominent social problems, such as not daring to act boldly or those who do so without being misunderstood. The social value of righteous courage is severely tested by the social reality. The act of righteous courage refers to the act of distress and relief that the actor implements in order to prevent the ongoing emergency violations based on the non-self-interest. Its civil law attribute is emergency relief. According to the law, they have the right to claim damages for infringement and the claim to the beneficiary without cause. The two rights are different because of the legal relationship and because of the same fact of infringement. Exclusion of the right to claim concurrence. The actor should give priority to the tortfeasor's right to claim damages for infringement, in the absence of the infringer, the whereabouts of the infringer or no compensation capacity. The actor of righteous courage may exercise the right of claim to the beneficiary's management without cause. The civil law endows the actor of the act of righteous courage with the way to bear the responsibility of compensation to the beneficiary's request. The compensation liability of beneficiary and the tort liability of infringer are not really joint and several liability, and the ultimate responsibility subject is the infringer. The beneficiary should be given the right of recourse when the infringer appears or has the ability to compensate. The relief obtained from the tortfeasor or the beneficiary has difficulties in claiming the right of claim. The beneficiary's compensation makes him obtain limited relief, and claims the right of claim to the infringer will be subject to the proof of the constitutive elements of tort liability. In order to effectively protect the rights and interests of the righteous doer, he should jump out of the scope of civil law. It is advisable for the state to set up a fund for the aid of the righteous bravery to compensate the actor in advance, and then the fund shall replace the actor of the act of righteous courage to the infringer, and the beneficiary shall claim the liability of compensation or compensation.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】