论夫妻共同债务认定的司法困境及立法完善

发布时间：2018-01-03 05:22

本文关键词：论夫妻共同债务认定的司法困境及立法完善　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展,夫妻之间的人身关系和财产关系都更为独立,同时与外界的经济往来更加频繁,债权债务关系亦逐渐增多,对夫妻共同债务认定的案件数量成上升的趋势。尤其是对于夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务在何种情况下能够被认定为夫妻共同债务的案件,在司法实践中争议颇多。社会大众对于夫妻共同债务认定案件的审判结果探讨也极多,认为在多数情况下,法院对于夫妻共同债务的认定侵害了非举债人尤其是女性的利益。此司法困境引起了立法者和学者的广泛关注,期望更完善的法律制度的出台可以平衡不同主体的利益。笔者通过对我国关于夫妻共同债务认定的法律及司法解释进行整理,并查询夫妻共同债务认定的案例,进一步分析出夫妻共同债务认定在我国司法实践中陷入困境的原因,最终提出切实可行的立法对策。我国婚姻继承法较西方国家比起步较晚,受中国传统思想的影响,对于有关夫妻财产关系的规定还存在着许多不足。根据对婚姻家庭法领域中有关夫妻共同债务认定的法律规范的梳理,可以发现此类制度在我国并不完善,在一些制度的规定上还相互矛盾的情况。例如:有关夫妻共同债务认定的规则,现行生效的法律规定中有“夫妻共同生活”、“婚姻关系存续期间”两种推定标准。现行有关夫妻财产关系的立法存在很多缺失,在对于夫妻共同债务认定的问题上,具体表现为:难以依法界定“夫妻共同生活”范围、缺少日常家事代理制度、追求保护债权人利益,却忽视了公平的分配举证责任。立法的缺失是导致夫妻共同债务认定的司法实践陷入困境的最主要原因,此困境必须通过进一步完善立法来解决。在司法实践中,由于审判者机械地适用法规导致了夫妻一方以个人名义所负债务绝大多数被认定为夫妻共同债务。举债人以个名义所负的债务,非举债人只有通过举证证明以下四种情况存在,才可以排除自己对于债务的清偿责任:第一,证明该债务未被用于夫妻共同生活,即没有享受到相关利益;第二,证明债权人与举债人存在恶意串通;第三,夫妻二人采用约定财产制,债权人对该约定知晓;第四,举债人和债权人在签订借款合同时明确约定该债务为其个人债务。看似通过一系列法律对非举债人的利益进行了保护,但是在司法实践中非举债人往往难以提供相关证据来保证自身的利益,导致案件在审判实践中陷入困境。本文通过解析《婚姻法》及其相关解释中对于夫妻共同债务认定的法律条款并借鉴国外立法经验,在我国现有立法的基础上,进一步设立日常家事代理制度、大额举债登记制度、夫妻财产登记制度,完善举证责任的分配、分居及同居期间财产的认定,借此构建更完整的夫妻共同债务认定法律体系。考虑到设立新制度要有与之相匹配的法律法规和执行标准,以便于法官在审判案件中能够对法律条款便捷且精准的适用。希望所提出的立法对策可以充分保护不同主体的利益,解决夫妻共同债务认定在司法实践中的困境,使法律真正能够起到定纷止争的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the personal relationship between the wife and the property relations are more independent, and more frequent economic exchanges with the outside world, debt relationship has gradually increased, the cognizance of the common debts of the number of cases rose. Especially for the spouses of debts owed by individuals can be identified as the couple the common debt situations in which case, a lot of controversy in the judicial practice. The public for the conjugal debt reorganization of a lot of trial results that, in most cases, the court finds that the conjugal debt against the non debt people especially women's interests. The judicial dilemma has aroused widespread concern of legislators and scholars, the legal system more perfect expectations can be introduced to balance the interests of different subjects. Based on China's debt on jointly identified legal and The judicial interpretation of collation, and query the conjugal debt identified case, further analysis of the matrimonial debt that causes trouble in judicial practice in China, finally puts forward feasible countermeasures. The legislation of marriage in our country inheritance law than in western countries than late, affected by China tradition, provisions for marital property the relationship between still exist many shortcomings. According to the laws and regulations of the common debt of couples that marriage and family law in the field of combing can be found such a system is not perfect in our country, the rules are on the contradictory situation. For example: the marital joint debt identification rules, "couples living together" the effect of legal provisions, "during the existence of marriage" two standards. The presumption of the matrimonial property legislation has many deficiencies, in the In a couple of common debt issues identified, specific performance: difficult to define according to law "couples living together", the lack of daily chores agency system, the pursuit of the protection of the interests of creditors, but ignore the fairness of the allocation of the burden of proof. The lack of legislation is the main reason of judicial practice leads to marital debt that is in trouble, this the difficulties must further improve the legislation to solve. In judicial practice, the judge mechanically led to one of the spouses debts owed by individuals most often identified as the couple's joint debt. The debt to applicable regulatory nominal debt, non debt only through the burden of proof to prove the existence of the following four cases that can exclude yourself for debt repayment responsibility: first, to prove that the debt is not used for a couple living together, ie did not enjoy the relevant benefits; second, proof of creditors And the debtors have malicious collusion; third, two couples with contractual property system, creditor awareness of the agreement; fourth, debtors and creditors in signed a loan contract expressly agreed the debt for personal debt. Through a series of seemingly non debt law on the interests of the people are protected, but in judicial practice of non debt is often difficult to provide relevant evidence to ensure their own interests, resulting in cases of trouble in judicial practice. This article through the legal provisions of marriage law > < analytical and related explanation for the conjugal debt identified and foreign legislative experience, based on our existing legislation, further establishing the daily chores agency system. Large debt registration system, property registration system, improve the allocation of the burden of proof, the separation and determination of property during cohabitation, to build a more complete conjugal debt Determination of legal system. Considering the establishment of the new system should be matched with the laws and regulations and standards, in order to judge the legal provisions for convenient and accurate in the trial case. Hope legislation proposed measures to fully protect the interests of different subjects, solve the conjugal debt recognized in judicial practice dilemma the law, really can play the role of settling disputes.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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