我国弱势群体社会救助的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 09:15

本文关键词：我国弱势群体社会救助的法律问题研究　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弱势群体普遍存在于社会发展的每一个历史时期,社会转型的关键时刻,贫富差距分化明显,社会矛盾也越发凸显,各阶级之间利益冲突不断,弱势群体问题严重影响着社会稳定和经济发展。当今的时代是一个权利时代,公平正义是这一时代最为紧迫也最具魅力的课题。弱势群体社会救助是当今最重要的社会问题之一,社会救助权应该是公民一项基本的社会权,一个公民尤其是处于相对弱势状态的公民有天然地获得基本生存权及提升个人生存能力的权利。在今天的社会环境下,对弱势群体的社会救助有着更为现实且深远的意义,切实保障弱势群体的权益不仅是我国人权发展的需要,更是依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的需要。更有利于社会发展的平衡性和稳定性,有利于推进和谐社会和全面小康的建设。一直以来党和政府都十分重视对弱势群体的社会救助,不断完善各项社会保障制度体系。"构建和谐社会"、"全面建成小康社会"、实现中华民族伟大复兴的"中国梦"等指导方针和政策都体现着党和政府对社会弱势群体的人文主义关怀。法律应重视法权,法律是保障弱势群体获得社会救助的有效手段。在建设法治国家的时代背景下,弱势群体的社会救助需要法律制度的支撑。对弱势群体社会救助的探究不仅要从经济学、社会学、政治学等角度入手,更要从法律的角度来认识这一问题。本文试图从法律的角度对弱势群体及社会救助的概念作出界定,并对弱势群体社会救助的相关问题进行法律上的探究。本文大致分为四部分:第一部分;弱势群体的概述。这一部分包括弱势群体的概念界定、分类构成及特征,从不同的学术和理论观点出发,结合法律的相关理论,寻找弱势群体在法学上的定义,根据弱势群体的分类构成分析其成因及特点,深化对弱势群体的认识。第二部分;社会救助的相关理论。涉及到公民的社会救助权利、社会权的内容。弱势群体社会救助的传统理念及现代理念,国家责任原则和公民权利本位等理论阐述,并指出社会救助是弱势群体权益保护的必然要求。第三部分:弱势群体社会救助现有的相关法律问题。现有法律立法位阶低,社会救助法律体系不完备,缺乏一部真正意义上的国家立法的《社会救助法》,专项法律和地方性法规的条文过于笼统,社会救助立法的城乡二元制格局明显。有的社会救助制度和相关立法规定的责任主体不明确,权利受损的社会弱势群体"维权无门","追责无主"。正在实施的《社会救助暂行办法》和其他一些相关社会保障方面的法律法规在立法理念、原则、法律责任、司法救济等方面还存在着一些问题和不足。执法不严、司法救济不足、法律援助制度援助效果不佳,监督管理不到位滋生出腐败等问题。第四部分:针对我国弱势群体社会救助当下所存在的法律问题提出相关的解决对策和完善措施。尝试探索弱势群体社会救助立法的基本理念和原则,解决执法中遇到的难题,充分发挥司法的保障作用,完善法律援助制度,确保弱势群体的合法权益得到切实的救助和保护。坚持促进社会救助法律体系的完善,实现社会救助有章可循,有法可依,执法必严,违法必究,真正实现通过法律来保障弱势群体的基本权利。
[Abstract]:Vulnerable groups exist in every historical period in the development of society, the critical time of social transformation, the gap between the rich and poor differentiation is obvious, the social contradictions are also increasingly prominent, conflicts of interest between various classes, the problem of vulnerable groups which seriously affect the social stability and economic development. When this era is an era of rights, fairness and justice is the most the most urgent task for the charm of this era. Vulnerable groups social assistance is one of the most important issues in today's society, social assistance right should be a basic right of citizen society, a citizen of citizens especially in the vulnerable state of natural access to basic rights and enhance the survival of individuals rights in today's social environment, the social assistance of vulnerable groups has a more realistic and far-reaching significance, and effectively protect the interests of vulnerable groups is not only the need of China's human rights development, It is the rule of law, building a socialist country ruled by law. More conducive to social development of the balance and stability, conducive to promoting the construction of a harmonious society and a well-off society in an all-round way. Since the party and the government attach great importance to the social assistance of vulnerable groups, and constantly improve the social security system. "A harmonious society", "comprehensive the building of a moderately prosperous society, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation" Chinese dream "guidelines and policy embodies the party and the government on social vulnerable groups of the humanistic care. Attention should be paid to the legal right, the law is to protect vulnerable groups to obtain effective means of social assistance. In the construction of the rule of law under the background of the vulnerable groups the social assistance legal system needs to support the social vulnerable groups. To aid research not only from economics, sociology, political science and other angles, but from the legal angle To understand this problem. This paper attempts to define the concept of vulnerable groups and social assistance from a legal perspective, to explore the law and related issues of social assistance for the vulnerable groups. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview; vulnerable groups. This part includes the definition of vulnerable groups the classification, composition and characteristics, starting from different academic and theoretical point of view, combined with the theory of law, the definition for vulnerable groups in law, according to the classification of vulnerable groups constitute the analysis of its causes and characteristics, deepen understanding of vulnerable groups. In the second part; the theory of social assistance relates to civil society. Relief rights, social rights. The traditional concept of vulnerable groups social assistance and modern philosophy, expounds the principle of state responsibility and civil rights theory, and pointed out that social assistance is the vulnerable groups Necessary to protect the rights and interests. The third part: the legal issues related to the existing social vulnerable groups. The existing legal aid legislation level is low, the social assistance legal system is not complete, lack of "Social Assistance Law > national legislation in a real sense, special laws and local regulations provisions are too general, two yuan in urban and rural areas system of social assistance legislation is obvious. The main responsibility of the social assistance system and some related legislation is not clear, the social vulnerable groups" damaged rights activist nowhere, "without the main responsibility". Laws and regulations are implementing the "Interim Measures of social assistance" and some other related aspects of social security in the legislative idea. The principle of legal liability, judicial relief and other aspects there are still some problems and shortcomings. Lax enforcement of the law, judicial remedy, aid effectiveness of legal aid system for poor supervision and management is not in place to breed corruption. The fourth part: legal problems. The problems existing in China's current social assistance of vulnerable groups put forward relevant countermeasures and measures to improve the basic concepts and principles. Try to explore the vulnerable groups social assistance legislation, law enforcement to solve problems encountered in the full protection of justice, improve the legal aid system, to ensure that vulnerable groups get help and protect the legitimate rights and interests effectively. To improve the legal system of social assistance, social assistance to implement rules, strict law enforcement, violators are prosecuted, realize the basic rights by law to protect vulnerable groups.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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