建国初期川东地区乡村生产救灾的社会动员研究（1950-1952年）

发布时间：2018-03-08 06:19

本文选题：川东地区　切入点：生产救灾　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建国初期川东地区不仅面临着天灾,更有严重的匪患。严重的灾荒不仅威胁着川东广大民众的生存,也冲击着中共的群众基础。巩固自身的执政基础,对于中共来讲迫在眉睫,因为这直接关系到人心向背问题和政权的巩固问题。因此,生产救灾不仅是一个解决民众吃饭生存的问题,还是一个严重的政治问题。建国初期的川东地区近代化程度较低,面对严重的灾荒,广大的乡村民众依然固守传统的应灾方式和观念,诸如坐等救济、听天由命等。尤为凸显的是,川东地区没有建立过完整的革命根据地,中共的执政理念及主张未有得到过充分的实践,再加之国民党长久的污蔑式宣传,致使川东地区广大乡村民众对中共充满戒惧心理。在这种背景下展开全新的救灾工作,其阻力、困难是可想而知的。同时,建国初期川东地区救灾经费的不足,也限制着救灾工作的大规模展开。延续革命年代的经验和传统,中共川东区委、行署认为破解救灾难题的关键在于充分发动乡村民众,充分利用广大乡村民众的自我力量来解除灾荒的威胁,而依靠乡村民众的力量,首先必须要对广大乡村民众进行彻底的生产救灾社会动员,这是实现生产救灾工作推行的根本。建国初期川东地区乡村生产的救灾社会动员,始终围绕着一条主线进行:以满足农民的实际利益与加强阶级教育相结合。具体来讲,首先,构建强有力的组织网络,各级生产救灾机构,各级各界人民代表会议,各级群团组织,乡村工作队,宣传网等,建立起覆盖川东各地的组织网络,涵盖了干部和民众。其次,将中共惯用的宣传手段与川东传统文娱形式结合使用,中共惯用各级机关报、书籍、标语、典型示范等宣传手段,在川东地区社会动员中发挥着不可替代的作用。但是真正为民众所接受,是因为中共借用了川东传统的文娱形式,如山歌、川东竹琴、金钱板、花鼓戏、快板等,这些形式在川东地区流传已久,为民众所熟知。再次,以满足的民众利益为突破口,通过国家救济与帮扶,以及对地主阶级的斗争,农民获得了实际利益,减少了社会动员的阻力。最后,加强对农民的阶级教育和政治教育,通过生产救灾会议,及与剿匪反霸、减租退押、土改运动相结合,通过新旧对比,强化农民的阶级意识。通过广泛的社会动员调动了农民生产救灾的积极性,加深了民众对中共政策的认同,对于今天的农村社会动员有着些许启示。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, East Sichuan faced not only natural disasters, but also serious banditry. The severe famine not only threatened the survival of the broad masses of the people in eastern Sichuan, but also impacted on the mass base of the Communist Party of China. It was extremely urgent for the CPC to consolidate its ruling foundation. Because this is directly related to the issue of people's feelings and the consolidation of political power. Therefore, production and disaster relief is not only a problem to solve the problem of people's livelihood and survival, but also a serious political problem. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the degree of modernization in eastern Sichuan was relatively low. In the face of severe famine, the broad masses of rural people still cling to the traditional ways and concepts of disaster response, such as sitting and waiting for relief, giving way to fate, etc. It is particularly evident that the eastern part of Sichuan has not established a complete revolutionary base area. The ruling ideas and propositions of the Communist Party of China have not been fully put into practice, coupled with the long slanderous propaganda of the Kuomintang, which has led the vast rural people in eastern Sichuan to be full of precepts and fears towards the Chinese Communists. Against this background, a completely new relief work has been launched. Its resistance, difficulties can be imagined. At the same time, in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the lack of funds for disaster relief in East Sichuan also restricted the large-scale development of disaster relief work. Continuing the experience and tradition of the revolutionary era, the CPC Eastern Sichuan Regional Party Committee, The Administration believes that the key to solving the difficult problem of disaster relief lies in fully mobilizing the rural people, making full use of the self-power of the vast number of rural people to remove the threat of famine, and relying on the strength of the rural people. First of all, we must thoroughly mobilize the vast number of rural people in production and disaster relief, which is the basis for the implementation of production and disaster relief work. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the social mobilization of rural production in eastern Sichuan Province was carried out. It has always been carried out around a main line: to meet the actual interests of peasants and to strengthen class education. Specifically, first of all, to build a strong network of organizations, production and disaster relief organizations at all levels, and meetings of people's representatives from all walks of life at all levels. Groups at all levels, rural task forces, propaganda networks, and so on, have established a network of organizations covering all parts of eastern Sichuan, covering cadres and people. Secondly, the traditional propaganda means of the Communist Party of China and the traditional forms of cultural and recreational activities in eastern Sichuan have been used together. The Communist Party of China's usual propaganda means at various levels, such as government newspapers, books, slogans, and typical demonstrations, play an irreplaceable role in social mobilization in eastern Sichuan. But it is truly accepted by the public because the Chinese Communist Party has borrowed the traditional cultural and recreational forms of eastern Sichuan. Such as folk songs, bamboo harps in eastern Sichuan, money boards, flower and drum plays, Allegro, etc. These forms have been circulating in eastern Sichuan for a long time and are well known to the populace. Again, to meet the interests of the people as a breakthrough, through state relief and help, As well as the struggle against the landlord class, the peasants have gained practical benefits and reduced the resistance to social mobilization. Finally, they have strengthened class and political education for the peasants, reduced rent and remanded them through production and disaster relief conferences, and with bandits and bandits against hegemonism. Through the combination of the land reform movement and the comparison between the new and the old, the peasants' class consciousness was strengthened. Through extensive social mobilization, the peasants' enthusiasm for production and disaster relief was mobilized, and the people's approval of the CPC policy was deepened. For today's rural social mobilization has some enlightenment.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.5;X4

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