弱势群体救助中法定义务与道德义务探究

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:49

本文选题：弱势群体　切入点：救助义务　出处：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弱势群体依据其形成原因可以分为生理性弱势群体、社会性弱势群体、区域性弱势群体三类。在实践生活中,不同种类的弱势群体在政治权利、人身自由、社会经济、文化教育方面会受到不同程度的影响或侵害,不仅侵害了弱势群体自身的权益,还会引发一系列的社会效应,因此对弱势群体进行救助具有极大的理论价值和现实意义。权利和义务是相统一的,对弱势群体的救助一方面可以从弱势群体本身的权益保护角度入手,另一方面也可以从救助主体的角度分析救助主体对弱势群体应当承担的救助义务。从义务的角度来看,可以探索依据救助主体身份的不同将弱势群体的救助义务区分为法定性救助义务和道德性救助义务,从而对不同主体的不同义务针对性地设计相应的义务实现路径。特定主体应承担法定性的救助义务,为此有必要全面构建弱势群体救助体系,从义务定位到责任追究各个方面规范不同特定主体的法定救助义务,并通过不同职能部门的联动配合促进弱势群体救助工作的高效开展;非特定主体应承担道德性的救助义务,具体可以通过法律宣传教育、落实监督纠举、鼓励倡导救助等方式加以规范;法定性救助义务和道德性救助义务在实现过程中可以通过国家资源与社会资源的结合以及道德和法律之间的转化关系来实现互动结合。弱势群体的救助工作是一项社会性的大型工程,因此需要将个体、社会、国家结合起来,形成“以政府为主导、非政府组织为补充”的多层次立体式的社会救助体系,在全社会内构筑完善可行的救助网络,并将法定性救助义务和道德性救助义务在一定范围内进行整合对接,以实现对不同种类弱势群体的全面救助。
[Abstract]:The vulnerable groups can be divided into three groups according to their forming reasons: physiologic vulnerable group, social vulnerable group and regional vulnerable group. In practical life, different kinds of vulnerable groups are in political rights, personal freedom, social economy, Culture and education will be affected or infringed to varying degrees, which not only infringes on the rights and interests of vulnerable groups themselves, but also leads to a series of social effects. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to assist the vulnerable groups. The rights and obligations are unified. On the one hand, the relief to the vulnerable groups can be started from the angle of the protection of the rights and interests of the vulnerable groups themselves. On the other hand, we can also analyze the relief obligations that the relief subjects should undertake to the vulnerable groups from the perspective of the relief subjects. It can be explored that according to the different identity of relief subjects, the relief obligations of vulnerable groups can be divided into legal relief obligations and moral relief obligations. Therefore, the different obligations of different subjects are designed to realize the corresponding obligations. The specific subjects should bear the legally qualified relief obligations. Therefore, it is necessary to build a comprehensive relief system for the vulnerable groups. From the duty orientation to the responsibility investigation each aspect standardizes the legal relief duty of the different specific subject, and promotes the vulnerable group relief work to carry out efficiently through the cooperation of different functional departments; the non-specific subject should undertake the moral relief duty, It can be regulated by means of legal publicity and education, implementation of supervision and rectification, encouragement of advocacy and relief, etc. Legal aid obligation and moral relief obligation can be realized through the combination of national and social resources and the transformation of morality and law in the process of realization. Large social projects, Therefore, it is necessary to combine individual, society and country to form a multi-level and three-dimensional social assistance system, which is "government-led and supplemented by non-governmental organizations", and to build a sound and feasible rescue network within the whole society. And the legal relief obligation and moral relief obligation in a certain range of integration docking, in order to achieve comprehensive relief to different kinds of vulnerable groups.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182

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