特朗普2016总统竞选中的民粹主义表现

发布时间：2018-03-08 12:50

本文选题：美国民粹主义　切入点：特朗普　出处：《北京第二外国语学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2016年的美国总统大选备受世人关注。在此次大选中,唐纳德·特朗普,一位毫无从政经验的商人,以压倒性的优势在共和党内总统初选中一路过关斩将,成功获得提名,又在随后的大选角逐中击败政治经验丰富的民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿,最终赢得大选。特朗普因在竞选中发表富有争议的政治言论和主张而遭到众多主流媒体和精英群体的批评,称其披着民粹主义的外衣煽动民众对政府、社会精英、外来移民和少数族裔的仇恨情绪,以实现其政治野心。关于特朗普的竞选与民粹主义的关系由此成为本次大选最为热门的话题。本文以美国民粹主义的渊源及内涵为基础,深入探讨特朗普的竞选活动与美国民粹主义传统之间的继承性与关联性,以美国主义,人民至上主义和反精英主义为代表的美国民粹主义的三大主题为主线,对民粹主义在特朗普竞选中的具体表现进行客观全面的分析。当代美国民粹主义围绕着特朗普的总统竞选重新焕发出强大的生命力并在美国政坛取得前所未有的胜利。首先,以“使美国重新强大”的竞选口号为基础,特朗普高举着变革的大旗吸引大量民众汇聚到其选举阵营。其次,特朗普把“美国至上”主义作为其执政的最高准则,并由此提出“美国至上”的外交政策和经济主张,唤醒民众的爱国主义情怀。再次,对于那些“被遗忘”和“被边缘化”的美国白人工人阶级,特朗普点燃了他们压抑已久的愤怒情绪,在他们中间掀起了一阵排除在经济繁荣之外的不满情绪、排外的种族主义情绪和对宗教正统担忧的危机情绪,并唤起了白人工人阶级对男子气概的怀旧之情。最后,通过引发民众对政治建制派和主流媒体的失望情绪,特朗普加深了大众和精英的对立,并对“政治正确”的教条展开抨击和批判,最终以敢于冲击权威的平民领袖形象赢得了大批选民的信任和支持。纵观特朗普的总统竞选之路,他不仅只把民粹主义作为其竞选策略,而是用对普通美国人有着巨大吸引力的民粹主义辞令表达其政治观点和主张,最终汇聚民粹主义力量,走向权利的巅峰。
[Abstract]:The US presidential election of 2016 has attracted worldwide attention. Donald Trump in the general election, an untested businessman, with an overwhelming advantage in the Republican presidential primaries in all the way through, the success of the nomination, and in the subsequent election race defeated experienced political democratic presidential candidate Hilllary Clinton eventually won the election. Trump for his controversial political claims in the campaign by many mainstream media and elite criticism, said in its populist coat inciting people against the government, social elite, immigration and ethnic hatred, to achieve their political ambitions. The relationship about Trump's populist campaign and became the most popular topic in this election. On the basis of the origin and connotation of American populism, in-depth study The inheritance and the relationship between the trump campaign and American populism tradition, in the United States, people's supremacy and anti elitism populism as the representative of the United States three themes as the main line, the specific performance of populism in the Trump campaign is analyzed objectively. The contemporary American populism around Trump's presidential campaign again strong vitality and achieve victory in the hitherto unknown American politics. First of all, to make us strong again "campaign slogan for the Trump foundation, hold high the banner of change attract a large number of people gathered to the campaign. Secondly, Trump" America first "principle as the supreme criterion of its ruling, and puts forward" America first "foreign policy and economic claims, arouse the patriotic feelings of the people. Again, for those" forgotten "and "Marginalized" American working-class whites, Trump lit their pent up anger, in the midst of them set off a burst out of the economic boom of discontent, xenophobic racist sentiments and emotional crisis concerns about religious orthodoxy, and arouse the working-class whites of masculinity nostalgia finally, by causing people to the political establishment and the mainstream media's disappointment, Trump deepened the public opposition and the elite, and attacked and criticized the "political correctness" doctrine, and ultimately to dare to shock the authority of the populist image to win the trust and support of a large number of voters. In Trump's presidential race he is not only the populist, as its campaign strategy, but the expression of their political views and advocate the use of ordinary Americans has great appeal for populist rhetoric, the most The end of the populist power, to the summit of rights.

【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

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