我国参与式预算法律制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 14:38

本文选题：参与式预算　切入点：法律制度　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：参与式预算起源于巴西,并迅速在世界范围内推广开来。2005年浙江温岭试行“民主恳谈”模式的参与式预算,即由公民直接参与部分预算项目资金的决策过程。标志着我国参与式预算改革试点的开始。随后几年江苏无锡、黑龙江哈尔滨、上海闵行等地陆续试点参与式预算。诚然,参与式预算在改善政府治理、促进基层民主的发展等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,在如火如荼的发展态势下,参与式预算却面临着可持续发展的问题。究其原因,主要是参与式预算改革是基于地方政府“自下而上”的改革,行政主导构成参与式预算改革的主要力量。但缺乏制度支撑的改革注定会举步维艰。所以如何推动参与式预算走上法治的轨道,并通过法律制度的构建来支持和保障参与式预算的长远发展,成为理论界一直在探索的问题。本文主要采用比较研究的方法,通过对域外参与式预算成熟的制度经验的考察,结合我国参与式预算实践探索,针对目前所面临的现实困境,提出构建参与式预算法律制度的若干建议。具体来讲,本文分为以下五个部分:第一部分为引言,主要介绍了本文的研究背景和研究意义、国内外相关研究现状,研究方法与研究思路。最后提出了本文的创新点与不足。第二部分主要阐述了参与式预算法律制度的一般理论。首先辨析了预算中的相关概念,指出参与式预算所涉及的对象的为政府公共预算。然后对参与式预算的含义和特点,及参与式预算法律制度的内涵和功能做了较为详细的概述。接着从政治学、经济学、法学三个维度阐释了参与式预算法律制度的理论基础,并结合我国现实状况分析了该制度构建的必要性。第三部分主要总结了我国参与式预算的实践探索和现实困境。通过对浙江温岭、广东顺德、上海闵行以及河南焦作这几个地方的参与式预算试点状况的叙述,引出我国目前参与式预算改革过程中所面临的现实困境,比如行政主导、缺乏制度性的法律支撑,财政预算透明度不足等。这些问题对于参与式预算改革的纵深发展阻碍重重。第四部分着重对域外相关国家的参与式预算制度实践及对我国的启示的介绍。本文选取了巴西、印度以及美国这三个在参与式预算制度构建上各有特色的国家。在叙述这些国家参与式预算制度经验的基础上,通过比较分析的方法,提炼出其共同特征。以期对我国的的制度构建提供一定的借鉴和启示。第五部分则着力于我国参与式预算法律制度的构建。结合前述我国参与式预算改革所面临的现实困境,以及域外参与式预算制度构建的启示,提出构建我国参与式预算法律制度所要秉持的理念和原则,并提出具体的制度构建建议。
[Abstract]:Participatory budgeting originated in Brazil and quickly spread around the world. In 2005, the "Democratic talk" model was piloted in Wenling, Zhejiang Province. That is, the direct participation of citizens in the decision-making process of some budget projects and funds. This marks the beginning of the pilot project of participatory budget reform in China. In the following years, Jiangsu Wuxi, Harbin in Heilongjiang, Minhang in Shanghai and other places have been experimenting with participatory budgets. It is true. Participatory budgeting has played an important role in improving government governance and promoting the development of democracy at the grass-roots level. However, under the momentum of development in full swing, participatory budgeting is facing the problem of sustainable development. Participatory budget reform is based on the "bottom-up" reform of local governments. Executive leadership is the main force behind participatory budget reform. But reforms that lack institutional support are bound to struggle. So how to put participatory budgets on the path of the rule of law? And through the construction of the legal system to support and guarantee the long-term development of participatory budgeting, it has been a problem that the theoretical circle has been exploring. Based on the practical exploration of participatory budgeting in China, and in view of the current difficulties, some suggestions are put forward to construct the legal system of participatory budgeting. Specifically, this paper is divided into the following five parts: the first part is the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, domestic and foreign related research status, The second part mainly expounds the general theory of the participatory budget legal system. First, it discriminates and analyzes the related concepts in the budget. It is pointed out that the object of participatory budget is government public budget. Then, the meaning and characteristics of participatory budget, and the connotation and function of participatory budget legal system are summarized in detail. The three dimensions of law explain the theoretical basis of the participatory budget legal system. The third part mainly summarizes the practical exploration and practical difficulties of China's participatory budgeting. Through the analysis of Wenling, Zhejiang, Shunde, Guangdong Province, The narration of the pilot situation of participatory budgeting in Minhang, Shanghai and Jiaozuo, Henan Province, leads to the current difficulties in the process of participatory budget reform in our country, such as the executive-led and the lack of institutional legal support. These problems hinder the development of participatory budget reform in depth. Part 4th focuses on the introduction of the practice of participatory budget system in foreign countries and the enlightenment to our country. India and the United States are three countries that have their own characteristics in the construction of participatory budget systems. On the basis of describing the experiences of these countries' participatory budget systems, through comparative analysis, In order to provide some reference and enlightenment for the construction of our country's system, the 5th part focuses on the construction of our country's participatory budget legal system. As well as the enlightenment of the construction of the extra-territorial participatory budget system, this paper puts forward the concepts and principles to be adhered to in the construction of our country's participatory budget legal system, and puts forward some concrete suggestions for the construction of the system.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.21

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