不当出生诉讼的伦理和法律探究

发布时间：2018-03-11 00:26

本文选题：不当出生诉讼　切入点：生命价值　出处：《北京协和医学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：不当出生是指母亲在怀孕期间到医院进行产前检查,医院未发现胎儿具有的先天残疾,或者没有准确告知父母胎儿的先天缺陷,妇女在不知情的情况下产下了具有先天缺陷的孩子,做出了不符合自己意愿的生育决定。父母认为医院在诊断过程中存在过失,因此起诉医院。不当出生诉讼最早出现在美国,随后在世界范围内开始出现。虽然各国历史和文化背景不同,但是不当出生诉讼从开始出现争议就从未停止,主要围绕在伦理和法律构成方面。在实践中,对不当出生诉讼的处理非常的复杂,目前也没有统一的处理标准,不同法院的处理结果也不尽相同,这个问题是司法实务中的一个难题。为此,本文以主要的争议问题为线索,分为六个部分进行论述:第一部分为研究背景,提出本文要研究的问题,介绍选题背景及研究意义。第二部分是研究方法,本文运用了文献综述、案例分析、专家访谈等方法进行研究第三部分是不当出生问题的基本概述。本文首先对不当出生的含义进行界定,厘清其与不当生命、不当怀孕之间的关系,为下文的论述奠定基础。其次本文从技术的进步、人的价值观念的变化、时代的转变三个层面来阐述不当出生诉讼出现的原因。最后通过展示不当出生的发展历史提出不当出生诉讼问题中所存在的伦理和法律争论。第四部分对不当出生诉讼中所存在的伦理问题进行分析论证。伦理原因一直使得不当出生诉讼不得提起,本文首先列举了反对不当出生诉讼的主要伦理原因,在反对者看来,支持不当出生诉讼会造成对残疾人的歧视以及侵犯人的生命价值。对于这些问题,本文分别做了伦理学上的论证和回应,认为应该允许提起不当出生法律诉讼。第五部分对不当出生诉讼中所存在的法律问题进行分析梳理,包括法律责任认定的差异、诉讼当事人的不统一、处理结果上的不同。对以上的这些问题进行了法理上的分析,理清思路,为有效解决不当出生诉讼问题提供法律方面的思考。第六部分是对解决不当出生诉讼问题的建议,首先明确了医生过失的判定标准,从当时的医疗水平、法律法规的相关规定、告知义务的履行等方面对医生是否存在过失进行判定,在此基础上明确了医生的免责情形,此情形不追究医院的赔偿责任。最后提出对于此种情况的救济措施,通过社会化的救济方式来对此种情况进行弥补。
[Abstract]:Improper birth is when the mother comes to the hospital for prenatal examination during pregnancy, and the hospital does not find any congenital disability of the fetus, or does not accurately inform the parents of the congenital defect of the fetus, Women unknowingly give birth to children with birth defects and make birth decisions that do not suit their own wishes. Parents believe that the hospital is at fault in the diagnosis process, so they sue the hospital. Improper birth proceedings first appeared in the United States. Then it began to appear worldwide. Although countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds, disputes over improper birth proceedings have never stopped from the beginning, mainly in terms of ethical and legal composition... in practice, The handling of improper birth proceedings is very complicated, and there is no uniform standard of handling at present, and the results of different courts are different. This problem is a difficult problem in judicial practice. Therefore, this paper takes the main controversial issues as a clue. It is divided into six parts: the first part is the research background, the first part is the research background, the introduction of the background and significance of the research. The second part is the research methods, this paper uses literature review, case analysis, The third part is an overview of the problem of improper birth. Firstly, this paper defines the meaning of improper birth and clarifies its relationship with improper life and improper pregnancy. Second, this article from the technological progress, the change of human values, Finally, by showing the development history of improper birth, the ethical and legal arguments in improper birth litigation are put forward. Part 4th is about improper birth litigation. The ethical problems existing in the student lawsuit are analyzed and demonstrated. The ethical reasons have always prevented the improper birth lawsuit from being brought. This paper first lists the main ethical reasons for opposing improper birth litigation. In the opinion of opponents, supporting improper birth litigation will result in discrimination against persons with disabilities and violation of the value of human life. This article has made the ethics demonstration and the response separately, believed that should allow to initiate the improper birth legal action. 5th part carries on the analysis to the improper birth lawsuit the existence legal question, including the legal responsibility confirmation difference, the 5th part carries on the analysis to the improper birth lawsuit existence legal question, including the legal responsibility confirmation difference, The disunity of the litigants and the differences in the treatment results. The above problems are analyzed in legal theory and their thinking is clarified. In order to effectively solve the problem of improper birth litigation, it provides legal considerations. Part 6th is a suggestion to solve the problem of improper birth litigation. First of all, it clarifies the criteria for judging the negligence of doctors, from the medical level at that time, the relevant provisions of laws and regulations. On the basis of determining whether the doctor is negligent or not, on the basis of the fulfillment of the obligation of notification, the author clarifies the exemption of the doctor, and in this case does not investigate the hospital's liability for compensation. Finally, the relief measures for this kind of situation are put forward. This situation is remedied through socialized relief.
【学位授予单位】：北京协和医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D915;D90-053

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