我国外国投资准入制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 11:39

本文选题：外国投资准入　切入点：准入前国民待遇　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着《中华人民共和国外国投资法(草案征求意见稿)》的颁布,中国外国投资准入制度问题成为学者们讨论的热门话题。我国有关外商投资准入的立法,采取复合双轨制的立法模式,没有统一的外资法,而是制订一个或几个关于外国投资的专门法律或者特别法令、法规,由此构成关于外国投资的基本法或法群,辅之以其他相关法律、法规。一方面是以"三资法"为代表的"外资"企业立法;另一方面是以《公司法》、《合伙企业法》和《个人独资企业法》为代表的"内资"企业立法,这两套法律在企业的治理结构、责任形式、企业的权利义务等方面有较大的差异。由此导致有关外资准入的法律制度存在诸多缺陷。法制的发展跟不上经济发展,造成外资准入开放度的不足。没有统一的外商投资法典,因事立法,造成法律的透明度不高。立法采取正面清单的管理模式、计划经济的历史使得特别管理措施目录带有传统行政管理模式的痕迹,造成与国际投资规则不一致。采用单独几个法令、规章规定国家安全审查制度,造成法律位阶过低,并且立法的程序不规范等问题。为了解决以上问题,参考发达国家的外资立法,特别是美国和日本的外资准入制度,以及加拿大和澳大利亚有关国家安全审查的规定。在开放度方面,应改内外资双轨制为单轨制,推广负面清单模式,并放开惠及民生的教育、医疗及基础设施等行业;在透明度方面,建议有关外商投资的法律法规除了要在各个相关部门公布之外,还要有英文版本;在国际投资规则一致性方面,采取准入前国民待遇加负面清单模式,重点是国有企业与外资企业待遇不一致的问题,建议采取对等原则,通过签订双边投资协定的方式来给予对等的待遇,并给外商提供相应的救济机制,对于我国的国有企业与外资企业待遇不一致问题引起争端,可以援引国家主权豁免原则来对抗;在国家安全审查方面,参考加拿大和澳大利亚的立法,采取独立个人做出最终决策的方式并建立追责机制。针对我国目前的《外商投资法草案》有关准入方面的规定,具体的改进建议包括:有关外国投资者和外国投资的定义,参考日本的立法模式;对于"中国投资者"的定义,建议把目前草案采取的注册地加实际控制标准改为住所地标准,以便扩大开放度;参考日本和加拿大的立法,通过定义"中国投资者"来定义"外国投资者",而不是目前的两者都分别定义的方式;细化各类投资的定义,在重新定义"中国投资者"的基础上,把外国企业在中国的分支机构认定为"中国投资者",这类企业之间的人民币融资不认定为外国投资;准入许可部分,主要是特别管理措施目录的制定,应采用准入前国民待遇加负面清单模式,即把目前的《外商投资产业指导目录》正面清单的模式改为负面清单模式;在国家安全审查方面,应明确规定安审联席会议的组成部门,并由一个部门牵头,对国家安全审查决定建议由国务院总理或商务部部长统一作出,并建立相应的追责机制,给予外商投资者程序上的救济。
[Abstract]:With the "People's Republic of China Foreign Investment Law (Draft)" promulgated, the foreign investment access system China problem has become a hot topic discussed by scholars. Access to relevant foreign investment legislation of our country, adopt the legislative mode of composite track, no foreign law, but for one or several of the foreign investment special laws or regulations, which constitute special laws, the basic law on foreign investment or group, supplemented by other relevant laws and regulations. On the one hand is to "foreign law" as the representative of the "foreign" enterprise legislation; on the other hand is in "company law", "partnership enterprise law" and "legislation sole proprietorship enterprise law" as the representative of the "domestic" enterprises, the two sets of laws in the governance structure, corporate responsibility form, there are great differences in terms of rights and obligations of the enterprise. The legal system which has many relevant foreign entry The legal defect. To keep up with the development of economic development, resulting in a lack of open access to foreign capital of foreign investment. There is no unified law, because the incident caused by legislation, legal transparency is not high. The legislation take positive list management mode of planned economy history makes the special management measures directory with the traditional administrative management mode traces caused by inconsistent with the rules of international investment. By several separate laws, rules and regulations of national security review system, due to the low legal status, problems and legislative procedures are not standard. In order to solve the above problems, the developed countries of foreign legislation, especially foreign investment access system of the United States and Japan, and Canada and Australia on national security review the regulations. In terms of openness, foreign investment should be changed to single track system to track, promote the negative list mode, and let go of the benefit of the people's livelihood education, medical and Infrastructure and other industries; in terms of transparency, laws and regulations on foreign investment in addition to the recommendations published in the relevant departments, but also a English version; in the international investment rules consistency, take national treatment before admission plus the negative list mode, focus on state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises treatment is not the same problem, suggested equivalence the principle, to give equal treatment through the signing of bilateral investment agreements, and to provide foreign corresponding relief mechanism, for China's state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises inconsistent treatment problems caused by the dispute, can invoke the principle of sovereign immunity against; in terms of national security review, reference Canada and Australia to take legislation. Independent individual to make the final decision way and establish accountability mechanism. According to the provisions of China's current foreign investment law "the relevant draft > access, Specific recommendations include: the definition of foreign investors and foreign investment, with reference to Japan's legislative model; the definition of "Chinese investors", suggested that the present draft registration and take actual control standard to domicile standard, in order to expand the degree of opening; reference Japan and Canada legislation, through the definition of "Chinese investors" the definition of "foreign investors", rather than the current two are defined; refining the definition of various types of investment, the new definition of "Chinese based investors", the foreign enterprises in the branches in China as "Chinese investors", such enterprises will not be regarded as foreign investment of RMB financing access permission; part is mainly to develop special directory management measures should be adopted, access to national treatment and negative list mode, which is currently the "Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue > positive Qing The single mode is changed to negative list mode; in terms of national security review, should specify the component instance security joint meeting, and led by a department, decided to make recommendations by the premier of the State Council or the Ministry of Commerce Minister of unification of the national security review, and establish the corresponding accountability mechanism, give relief procedures on foreign investors.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.295

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