《德意志意识形态》生活哲学理论探微

发布时间：2018-04-02 15:36

本文选题：德意志意识形态　切入点：生活　出处：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年,随着生活哲学的热议,无论是在生活哲学的语境下反思马克思(主义)哲学的本质,还是在马克思(主义)的哲学语境下研究马克思(主义)生活哲学思想,都是力图推进马克思(主义)哲学向生活的回归,发挥马克思(主义)哲学尤其是历史唯物主义对于人们日常生活精神家园构建、对于解决民生问题和指导人们生活等作用。通过研究马克思(主义)哲学思想史上具有转折意义的历史唯物主义,去深度挖掘“生活”对于马克思(主义)哲学革命的意义和价值。透过研究历史唯物主义的成熟之作《德意志意识形态》,尤其是对第一卷的研究发现,“生活”是构建历史唯物主义的基石,历史唯物主义蕴含丰富的生活哲学思想。本文正文由导论和正文两大部分组成。导论的内容主要涉及选题理论和现实意义、国内外研究现状,并简要说明了本文的研究思路和方法以及创新之处。正文部分主要包括四章:第一章还原文本对于青年黑格尔派的批判。从以鲍威尔、施蒂纳、费尔巴哈为代表的青年黑格尔派所呈现的两方面理论缺陷入手,即从“脱离现实生活确认历史前提”及“脱离现实生活解释历史运动”两个视角入手,力图真实还原文本中马克思对于青年黑格尔派的彻底批判、与历史唯心主义的彻底诀别。第二章历史唯物主义克服青年黑格尔派的理论缺陷,即历史唯物主义始终立足于现实“生活”过程来考察历史。本章节重点阐述历史唯物主义如何以“生活”为理论基石克服青年黑格尔派的理论缺陷,从而确定历史前提,探寻历史发展的真正动力。具体而言,历史唯物主义确认历史前提的方式,是从现实的生活确认真实的人,“现实的个人”就是他们的生活。从而确立“生活决定意识”的哲学立场,再现了真实的历史发展过程。并进而发现历史发展的真正动力:“生活”的生产。第三章历史唯物主义以历史性的眼光,着眼于生活的特定阶段,试图批判并扬弃异化“生活”的资本主义社会,这是其将自身的哲学植根于现实生活的重要表现。本章节立足文本,提炼概括“异化生活”的本质内容,呈现资本主义社会下两大阶级的生活状态。并循着文本的逻辑思维说明扬弃资本主义社会异化生活现实路径。第四章总结概括以上三章内容所呈现的共同意义,即“生活”在历史唯物主义构建过程中的作用。从历史唯物主义的内容上看,因为发现生活,历史唯物主义找到了现实基础。“生活”在历史唯物主义的建构过程中承担着历史起点、历史发展过程和历史终极目标的角色。从历史唯物主义的哲学本质来看,因为“回归生活”,其实现了自身的三个革命性转变:哲学路径、哲学任务、哲学立场的转变。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the life philosophy of discussion, whether in the context of Marx's life philosophy reflection (ISM) the essence of philosophy, or in Marx (ISM) in the context of philosophy of Marx (Marxist) life philosophy, are trying to promote Marx (Marxist) to the philosophy of life regression, played by Marx (ISM) especially the philosophy of historical materialism to the daily life of people spiritual home construction, to solve the livelihood problems and guide people to life and so on. Through the study of Marx (Marxist) of a turning point in the history of philosophy and historical materialism, to the depth of excavation "life" for Marx (Marxist) meaning and value of philosophy revolution. Through "study on the mature historical materialism of German Ideology", especially on the first volume, "life" is the foundation of historical materialism, historical materialism "Life contains abundant philosophical thoughts. The text of this paper consists of two parts: introduction and text. The introduction mainly deals with topics of theoretical and practical significance, research status at home and abroad, and a brief description of the research ideas and methods and innovations. The main body includes four chapters: the first chapter critique restore the text for the young Hagel school. From Powell, Stirner, starting with the two aspects of theoretical defects of Feuerbach as the representative of the young Hagel school shows, that is from the" confirmation from real life historical premise "and" real life from two perspectives explain the historical movement of trying to restore the text in a thorough critique of Marx true for the young Hagel school, completely farewell and historical idealism. In the second chapter, the historical materialism theory to overcome the defects of the young Hagel school, is the historical materialism from beginning to end up In real life the process to study history. This chapter focuses on the historical materialism to "life" as the theoretical foundation to overcome the theoretical defects of the young Hagel school, so as to determine the historical premise, explore the real power of historical development. Specifically, the historical materialism to confirm the historical premise of the way is to confirm the real people from the reality of life, "reality of the individual" is their life. In order to establish "the philosophical standpoint of life decides consciousness", reproduction of the real history of the development process. Then find out the real motive force of historical development: the "life" of the production. In the third chapter, the historical materialism to historical perspective, focusing on the specific stage life, trying to criticize and discard the alienation and the "life" of the capitalist society, which is the important manifestation of its philosophy is rooted in the real life. This chapter is based on the text, refining Summary of "essence of alienation of life", showing the capitalist society two class life. Follow the text description of logical thinking and Sublation of capitalist social alienation life path. Common sense of the fourth chapter sums up the above three chapters presented, namely "life" to construct the function in the process of historical materialism. The content of historical materialism point of view, because of life, historical materialism to find a realistic basis. "Life" in the construction process of historical materialism in shouldering the historical starting point, the process of historical development and the history of the ultimate goal of the role. From the view of philosophical essence of historical materialism, because of "return to life", in fact now three revolutionary change: its philosophical path, task of philosophy, philosophical shift position.

【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A811

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