《合同法》第52条第5款研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:11

本文选题：合同法　切入点：强制性规定　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国民法范畴里讨论的核心问题之一就是无效合同问题。关于强行性内容对合同法律效力存在何种作用?在何种情况下触犯强制性内容会造成合同无效?我国《合同法》和一些司法解释接连对“强行性规范”给出了清晰的描述,然而它们没有将我国目前法律里众多的强行性规范内容予以划分类别,并且也没有实际操作里的合同行为触犯多种强行性规范内容造成的结果予以差别处理。由于合同的法律效力影响合同订立方的实际法益,和社会经济运行状况也存在重要关系,是立法与司法改革都亟需解决的课题,故而,在遵循目前法律规范的基础上正视我国《合同法》第五十二条第五款的规定是引致条款的性质,之后对强行性规范的定义和区分其与合同无效予以再次探究,尤其是解决合同无效后的结果,存在十分重要的积极作用。论文共分四部分,分述如下:论文第一部分主要是对我国《合同法》第五十二条第五款进行语义分析,从法理学的基础知识出发,对所涉及到的概念分别从违反了“法律、行政法规”的强制性规定,而且必须是违反了“强制性规定”,再进一步而言必须是违反了强制性规定中的效力性规范。论文第二部分是对我国《合同法》第五十二条第五款的立法沿革与理论认识变迁,作了一番学理上的梳理,指出我国合同法理念与具体制度设计也要与时俱进,在我国经济从计划经济转向市场经济的过程中,合同法及其司法解释也得到了不断的完善和发展,在合同法理论上从原来的“国家干预”逐步走向“私法自治”,合同法的任务也从维护交易秩序走向了维护交易安全与尊重个人意思自由的有机结合。论文第三部分是对《合同法》第52条第5项的理论与实践运用。从文义解释方法看《合同法》第52条第5项如何将强制规范区分为效力性强制规范和管理性强制规范;再从规范目的解释和限制位阶解释方法等方法界定效力性强制规范,最后从利益保护角度看效力性强制规范。在这部分的论述中笔者有意识地选取若干案例,都是在在实务界争议较大的案件,希望在理论上对这些案例进行重新审视。论文第四部分指出了违反合同法第52条第5款的后果。在理论与实务中当合同内容违反强制性规定的处理方式有许多方面,主要是围绕合同内容违反合同法第52条第5款的法律后果展开。其次是对合同内容违反合同法第52条第5款的处理之时,如何处理合同无效诉讼时效规则及请求权适用,这里面的问题较为复杂,既然是违反效力性强制规范而无效,那么就不应当受到诉讼时效的限制。还有就是合同被确认无效之后当作自始不存在,应当恢复到原来的法律状态。最后是结合司法改革的大背景,在最高人民法院不断推出指导性案例制度的时候如何去选择代表性的案例,如何去确立这方面指导性案例的标准。
[Abstract]:One of the core issues discussed in the scope of civil law in China is the issue of invalid contracts.What role does the forcible content have on the legal effect of the contract?Under what circumstances would a breach of mandatory content result in avoidance of the contract?The contract Law of our country and some judicial interpretations give a clear description of the "mandatory norms" one after another, but they do not classify the numerous contents of the mandatory norms in the present law of our country.And there is no actual operation of contract behavior in violation of a variety of mandatory content of the results to be treated differently.As the legal effect of the contract affects the actual legal interests of the contracting parties and has an important relationship with the social and economic operation, it is a subject that needs to be solved urgently in the legislative and judicial reform.On the basis of following the current legal norms, the article 52 (5) of the contract Law of our country is the nature of the resulting clause, and then the definition of the mandatory norm and its distinction from the invalidity of the contract are re-explored.In particular, there is a very important positive role in resolving the results of invalid contracts.The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part of the thesis is mainly about the semantic analysis of the fifth paragraph of Article 52 of the contract Law of China. From the basic knowledge of jurisprudence, the concepts involved are respectively violated the law.The mandatory provisions of the Administrative regulations must be in violation of the mandatory provisions, and further, they must violate the validity norms of the mandatory provisions.The second part of the thesis is about the legislative evolution and theoretical changes of the fifth paragraph of Article 52 of the contract Law of China, and points out that the concept of contract law and the design of specific system should also keep pace with the times.In the process of our country's economy changing from planned economy to market economy, contract law and its judicial interpretation have been continuously perfected and developed, and the theory of contract law has gradually moved from "state intervention" to "autonomy of private law" in the theory of contract law.The task of contract law has also changed from the maintenance of transaction order to the organic combination of safeguarding transaction security and respecting individual freedom of will.The third part is the theory and practice application of Article 52 (5) of contract Law.The article 52 (5) of the contract Law shows how to divide the compulsory norm into the mandatory norm of validity and the compulsory norm of management, and then define the compulsory norm of validity by means of interpretation of the purpose of the norm and the interpretation method of limiting rank.Finally, from the point of view of interest protection, the mandatory norms of effectiveness.In this part, the author consciously selects a number of cases, all in the practice of controversial cases, hoping to re-examine these cases in theory.The fourth part points out the consequences of violating Article 52 (5) of contract Law.In theory and practice, there are many ways to deal with the breach of mandatory provisions in contract content, mainly focusing on the legal consequences of the violation of Article 52 (5) of contract Law.Secondly, how to deal with the limitation rule and the application of the claim right when the contract content violates Article 52 (5) of the contract Law, the problem is more complicated, since it is invalid in violation of the mandatory norm of validity.Then there should be no limitation of the statute of limitations.The other is that after the contract is confirmed invalid, it does not exist from the beginning, and should be restored to the original legal state.Finally, combining the background of judicial reform, how to choose representative cases and how to establish the standard of guiding cases in the Supreme people's Court.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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