我国公平竞争审查标准研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:34

本文选题：公平竞争 + 公平竞争审查　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2016年6月14日,国务院发布《关于在市场体系建设中建立公平竞争审查制度的意见》①(以下简称《意见》),标志着公平竞争审查制度在我国初步建立。《意见》中明确规定行政机关和法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织以及行政法规和国务院制定的其他政策措施、地方性法规的起草部门(统称为"政策制定机关")在制定和起草过程中按照给定的标准进行公平竞争审查。这要求政策制定机关运用《意见》中列举的审查标准进行自我审查,一旦发现文件中带有排除、限制竞争的部分要及时废止或修改。审查标准在该制度设计中是十分关键的部分,只有通过与审查标准进行比对,才能识别政策措施中是否带有排除、限制竞争的成份,然后对其进行修改或废除,进而维护市场主体的公平竞争。实施公平竞争审查制度是规范市场主体公平竞争,发挥市场活力的重要步骤,是规制抽象行政行为的重要制度创新。在域外,推动竞争评估制度最为积极的经合组织就制订了极为详细与完备的《竞争评估工具书》来倡导竞争评估,包括《竞争评估指南》、《竞争评估原则》等在内的竞争评估指导文件,精细明确的向各成员国介绍竞争评估的具体操作过程。就评估标准来说,经合组织在《竞争评估工具书》中进行了全面的阐述,从审查标准的各个分类到相关术语的解析,再到每个评估标准下举例分析,可谓十分详尽。而澳大利亚作为较早进行竞争评估的国家,其进行全面的竞争评估后带来的巨大经济效益是各国有目共睹的。澳大利亚在进行竞争评估时是至上而下的全面评估,上至澳大利亚政府,下至各地方政府,将所有的规范性文件纳入评估范围,以"公共利益"为评估标准,任何不符合公共利益的政策措施都要进行评估。澳大利亚进行的全国范围内的竞争评估耗时长,任务量繁重,但是评估后取得的经济成效十分显著。欧盟对国家援助进行控制,以"是否与共同市场相容"为标准,一切的援助行为都要以促进欧盟整体的共同市场发展为前提,同时制定各种指南、软法相互配套实施,增加了制度的可操作性。通过对域外国家竞争评估制度进行分析,对比我国特有的制度特点,逐步构建竞争核对清单,细化审查标准,增强公平竞争审查法律文件的位阶,同时纳入为我国特有的行政合法性审查标准,再在现有的基础上以更加开放的"公共利益"作为宏观的审查标准。国家要构建一套全方位的公平竞争审查体系,以完备的审查标准为参照,不断发挥公平竞争审查制度对推动市场参与者公平竞争的制度保障作用,不断促进我国市场经济健康发展,最终保护市场参与者的权益和广大消费者的利益。
[Abstract]:14 June 2016The State Council has issued the opinions on the Establishment of a Fair Competition Review system in the Construction of the Market system (hereinafter referred to as "opinions"), which marks the preliminary establishment of the fair competition examination system in China.Organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs, as well as administrative regulations and other policies and measures formulated by the State Council,The drafting department of local regulations (collectively referred to as "policy making organ") carries out fair competition review according to the given standards in the process of drafting and drafting.This requires the policy-making organs to use the review criteria listed in the opinion to conduct self-examination. Once the documents are found to contain exclusions, the parts that limit competition should be abolished or amended in time.Review standards are a critical part of the system's design, and only by comparing them can policy measures be identified as containing elements that exclude, limit competition, and then modify or abolish them.And then maintain the fair competition of the main body of the market.The implementation of fair competition examination system is an important step in regulating fair competition of market subjects and exerting market vitality. It is also an important institutional innovation to regulate abstract administrative behavior.Abroad, the OECD, which is the most active contributor to the competition assessment regime, has developed a very detailed and complete instrument for Competition Assessment to promote competition assessment,The competition assessment guidance documents, including the Guide to Competition Assessment and the principles of Competition Evaluation, provide detailed and precise information to member States on the specific operational process of competition assessment.Australia, as an earlier country to carry out competition evaluation, has brought great economic benefits after carrying out comprehensive competition evaluation.The competition assessment in Australia is a top-down comprehensive assessment, ranging from the Australian Government to the local governments, incorporating all normative documents into the assessment, using the "public interest" as the criterion of assessment,Any policy measures that are not in the public interest are evaluated.The national competitive evaluation in Australia takes a long time and heavy workload, but the economic results are remarkable.The EU controls state aid and takes "compatibility with the common market" as the standard. All aid activities must be based on the premise of promoting the development of the common market as a whole of the European Union. At the same time, various guidelines have been drawn up for the mutual implementation of soft law.It increases the operability of the system.By analyzing the system of foreign countries' competition evaluation, comparing the characteristics of our country's special system, we gradually construct the competition check list, refine the standard of examination, and strengthen the rank of the legal documents of fair competition review.At the same time, the standard of administrative legality examination is included, and the more open "public interest" is taken as the macro standard on the basis of the existing standards.The country should construct a set of all-around fair competition examination system, take the perfect examination standard as the reference, continuously exert the fair competition examination system to promote the market participant fair competition system safeguard function.Promote the healthy development of market economy and protect the rights and interests of market participants and consumers.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.294

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