我国公务员宪法观念培育研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:08

本文选题：公务员 + 宪法观念　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宪法作为我国的根本大法,具有较高的权威与地位。宪法对于一个国家来说,不仅仅是一部简单的法律,更是一个国家稳定的基础,因此,宪法在我国具有较高的地位。公务员的宪法观念是指依法实行职责并被纳入国家行政编制的人员对于宪法的实质、功能及具有的价值等问题的见解及其观念。在我国,由于宪法观念主体在国家政治生活中具有的不同功用,本文将公务员这一特殊群体的宪法观念称之为公务员的宪法观念。从行政权力的角度看,在我国的现有体制中,行政权占据了国家权力中较为主导的地位,那么国家对于实施依法治国,要建设法治国家的基本方略,关键而核心的就是要依宪行政。从公务员管理制度建设角度看,中外的公务员制度无疑不是一项重要的宪政制度。宪政的意思,就是宪法政治,是指根据宪法对社会政治关系所调节而形成的基本政治制度;从法治实践来看,宪法观念不是我国传统政治文化所固有的,它发端于西方,很长时间以来缺乏观念的支持,因而在我国宪法权威至今没有真正的树立起来,以致法治精神未落到实处,从而导致行政权力腐败及滥用的发生。提高公务员的宪法观念是一个亟待解决的问题,所以研究公务员的宪法观念培育有着重要的理论与实践意义。时至今日,越来越多的国家承认了宪法的价值,但实现实施宪法观念的培育成为每个国家的长期而又艰难的任务。本文以马克思主义宪法思想为指导,立足于我国公务员的客观实际,对公务员宪法观念培育问题做系统性的初步探讨。首先对我国公务员的宪法观念进行了深入的研究,揭示了我国公务员宪法观念存在的主要问题,从公务员自身看,其整体宪法观念存在着误区,对宪法的认知不够,被“宪法无用论”的思想所占据,认为部门法意识强于刑法、民法、经济法等实体法意识,公务员对宪法的功用认识不足;从教育培训角度看,社会对宪法培训重视不够,宪法培训制度不完善。其次,针对上述问题,深刻分析了成因,明确指出有历史的原因、传统文化的影响以及排斥法治的社会心理因素等。另外,本文借鉴了国外在培养公务员宪法观念的经验,大大加深了对公务员在培养宪法观念上的研究。最后,在理论与实践结合的基础上,提出了我国公务员宪法观念培育的建议和策略。一方面要坚持正确的宪法观念培育原则,进行全员培训,显性教育与隐性教育相互配合,理论与实践相结合;另一方面,积极优化我国公务员宪法观念培育的对策,使每一个公务员树立宪法权威观念,完善宪法观念培育内容,改进宪法观念培育方式,深化宪法宣誓制度,健全法律素质考核机制。
[Abstract]:As the fundamental law of our country, constitution has higher authority and status. Constitution is not only a simple law for a country, but also the basis of a country's stability. Therefore, constitution has a higher status in our country. The constitutional concept of civil servants refers to the views and ideas of the people who carry out their duties according to the law and are brought into the state administrative system, such as the essence, function and value of the constitution. In China, due to the different functions of the subject of the constitutional concept in the political life of the country, this paper calls the constitutional concept of the civil servant as the constitutional idea of the civil servant. From the point of view of administrative power, in the existing system of our country, the administrative power occupies a more dominant position in the state power. The key and core is to administer according to the constitution. From the point of view of the construction of civil servant management system, the civil servant system at home and abroad is no doubt not an important constitutional system. The meaning of constitutionalism, that is, constitutional politics, refers to the basic political system formed according to the regulation of social and political relations by the Constitution. From the point of view of the practice of the rule of law, the constitutional concept is not inherent in the traditional political culture of our country, but originated in the West. For a long time, because of the lack of the support of the concept, the authority of the constitution in our country has not been really established, and the spirit of the rule of law has not been put into practice, which leads to the corruption and abuse of administrative power. It is an urgent problem to improve the constitutional concept of civil servants, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the cultivation of civil servants' constitutional concept. Nowadays, more and more countries recognize the value of constitution, but it is a long and difficult task for each country to carry out the concept of constitution. Under the guidance of Marxist constitutional thought and based on the objective reality of civil servants in our country, this paper makes a systematic preliminary discussion on the cultivation of civil servants' constitutional concept. First of all, it makes a deep research on the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country, and reveals the main problems existing in the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. From the perspective of the civil servants themselves, there are some misunderstandings in the overall concept of the constitution, and the understanding of the constitution is not enough. Occupied by the idea of "the useless Theory of Constitution", the author thinks that the consciousness of branch law is stronger than that of substantive law such as criminal law, civil law and economic law, and that civil servants do not know enough about the function of constitution, and from the angle of education and training, the society does not attach enough importance to constitution training. The constitution training system is not perfect. Secondly, the causes of the above problems are deeply analyzed, and the historical reasons, the influence of traditional culture and the social and psychological factors that exclude the rule of law are pointed out. In addition, this paper draws lessons from the experience of foreign countries in cultivating the concept of constitution of civil servants, and greatly deepens the research on the concept of constitution of civil servants. Finally, on the basis of the combination of theory and practice, this paper puts forward some suggestions and strategies for cultivating the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. On the one hand, we should adhere to the principle of cultivating the correct constitutional concept, conduct all-staff training, coordinate explicit education with implicit education, and combine theory with practice; on the other hand, we should actively optimize the countermeasures for fostering the constitutional concept of civil servants in our country. To make every civil servant set up the concept of constitutional authority, perfect the content of cultivation of constitutional concept, improve the way of cultivating constitutional concept, deepen the system of constitutional oath, and perfect the examination mechanism of legal quality.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.3;D921

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