中国孝文化视域下老年人长期照护研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 09:30

本文选题：失能老年人 + 长期照护　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的飞速发展,人民生活水平的逐步提高,我国不可避免地迈入了老龄化社会。我国人口基数大,老年人口数量多,相比于其他国家和地区来说,我们面临的是前所未有的挑战。如何让工作一辈子的老年人能够安度晚年,成为社会各界关心的热点焦点问题。在中华优秀的传统文化中,“孝”始终占据着特殊的地位,始终作为一种伦理道德规范,有着维系家庭团结、保持社会稳定的特殊作用。《诗经》中提到:“父母,生我养我,育我鞠我”,讲的是,父母对我们有生育之情,养育之情,教育之情。这三种恩情就需要我们子孙后代通过赡养老人来报答。人在步入老年时,不能继续为国家和社会做贡献的时候,国家和社会各界应该承担起对老人的赡养义务。但是在当前市场经济条件下,西方思想涌入国内,人们的思想意识发生转变,开始崇尚个人主义、利益至上原则,各种拜金主义享乐主义盛行,不断的冲击着我国的传统文化,尊老爱老的观念越来越淡薄。老人,尤其是如何照顾失能老人的晚年生活成为一大难题。一直以来在我国发挥着重要作用的家庭养老模式,主要由子女在家中赡养老人。但随着计划生育政策的实施,家庭结构的缩小,女性工作意识的提高等原因逐渐被削弱,关于老人的养老问题成为一大难题,如何护理失能老人的日常生活更是困难。虽然我国政府相继推行了一系列针对老年人养老的福利政策来缓解养老压力,大力鼓励公立和私立养老机构提供养老服务。但是无论是在家庭养老、社区养老还是机构养老中,都缺乏专业的护理工作队伍,基础设施康复器材都不够完善,所以我国目前长期照护仍存在缺失。本文通过分析对比美国、日本、德国、台湾地区的老年人长期照护制度的发展过程,并结合中国的实际国情,重塑国人孝道观念,通过弘扬中华上下五千年的优秀传统文化,将传统“尊老爱老”与现代的思想观念相结合,在充分考虑到我国老年人的生活习惯的前提下,提出了家庭照护和社区照护相结合的新观点,逐步提高我国护理工作者的专业素质,鼓励社会各界尤其是非政府组织加入到老年人长期照护的队伍中来,希望能为我国老年人长期照护的健康发展提供有益的帮助。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, our country inevitably enters the aging society. Compared with other countries and regions, our country faces unprecedented challenges because of its large population base and large number of elderly people. How to make the old people who work all their lives can live in their old age has become a hot issue concerned by all walks of life. In China's excellent traditional culture, filial piety has always occupied a special position, always as an ethical norm, has a special role in maintaining family unity and maintaining social stability. The Book of songs says: "parents, give birth to me and raise me. The parents have the feeling of bearing, nurturing, and education. These three kinds of kindness need to be repaid by our descendants by supporting the elderly. When people step into old age, they can not continue to contribute to the country and society. But under the current market economy condition, the western thought flows into the domestic, people's ideological consciousness changes, begins to advocate the individualism, the benefit first principle, each kind of money worship hedonism prevails, unceasingly impinges our country's traditional culture. The idea of respecting the old and loving the old is becoming weaker and weaker. Old people, especially how to take care of the disabled in their old age has become a major problem. The family pension model, which has been playing an important role in our country, is mainly supported by children at home. However, with the implementation of family planning policy, the shrinking of family structure, the improvement of female working consciousness, and other reasons are gradually weakened, about the elderly pension problem has become a major problem, how to care for the disabled old people's daily life is even more difficult. Although our government has carried out a series of welfare policies for the aged to relieve the pressure of the aged, we strongly encourage public and private pension institutions to provide services for the aged. However, both in the family pension, community pension or institutional pension, there is a lack of professional nursing work team, infrastructure rehabilitation equipment are not perfect, so there is still lack of long-term care in our country. By analyzing and comparing the development process of the long-term care system for the elderly in the United States, Japan, Germany and Taiwan, and combining the actual conditions of China, this paper rebuilds the concept of filial piety among the Chinese people, and by carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of five thousand years from top to bottom of China, Combining the traditional "respecting the elderly and loving the elderly" with the modern ideas, and taking fully into account the living habits of the elderly in our country, this paper puts forward a new viewpoint of combining family care with community care. To gradually improve the professional quality of nursing workers in our country and encourage all walks of life, especially non-governmental organizations, to join the ranks of long-term care for the elderly, it is hoped that it can provide beneficial help for the healthy development of long-term care for the elderly in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6;D649

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