美国总统选举制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 12:57

本文选题：民主 + 美国总统选举　；参考：《中共江苏省委党校》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,民主在宪法制度构建中处于核心地位,而近代民主又常以美国式选举民主为参照系。然而,近年来美国总统选举民主的弊端频现,甚至引发了大规模的社会危机。美国主流法学家劳伦斯·弗里德曼在其新著《二十世纪美国法律史》中断言,美国现代法治源于罗斯福新政(1),据此我们可以说美国现代民主(2)也从新政时才起步,弗里德曼这一观点的提出在法学界、政治学界引发了大量热议,人们对美国的民主起源和归宿更加关切。同时,研究美国选举制度不仅是我们探究民主真意的一个很好的切入点,也是发展我国社会主义协商制民主的重要史料参考,有益于深入理解选举民主与协商民主的本质差别,也有助于破除外来制度迷信、制度盲从思想,结合本国经验和实际树立科学的民主观和改革观。纵观民主理念的发展历史,民主价值的追求离不开千千万万的个体实践,本文旨在以总统选举制度为例探究以三权分立为基础的选举民主与我国协商制民主的差异,也希望通过对美国总统选举法律制度和我国民主实践的观察获得更多理性认知,明确民主真正的法律意义和社会意义。本文正文部分(含导论)共分为五个部分。导论部分简要概述论文主旨、文章写作思路、写作方法。第一部分、第二部分、第三部分,主要从美国选举权限制、选举人团制、竞选政治献金(3)的发展变化详细探究美国选举的制度流变、发展趋势、制度根基。(4)第四部分主要通过分析美国选举制度的借鉴意义,反思我国代议制选举的实践,明确我国民主制度保障人民主体地位、保护个人选举权、保证平等代表权的根本优势。在研究方法方面,本文主采法解释学方法,如针对特定概念进行阐释,以期表述清晰、逻辑完整;兼采比较研究方法,如对具体争议、现象的正反两方面作出比较,以期内容详尽、避免偏颇;兼采历史研究方法,如对总统选举中具体制度的产生、发展、演变进行观察研究,以期在事物变化发展中获得更为客观的认知。在美国总统选举制度方面主要以《联邦宪法》和各联邦州宪法中的选举法律规定为连接点和侧重点,主要包括选举权资格限制、选区划分规则、选举筹资限制三方面的立法和司法发展。
[Abstract]:As we all know, democracy is at the core of the constitution system, and modern democracy is often referred to American election democracy. In recent years, however, the malpractice of democratic presidential election in the United States has been frequent and even led to a massive social crisis. Lawrence Friedman, the mainstream American jurist, asserted in his new book the History of American Law in the Twentieth Century that the modern rule of law in the United States originates from the Roosevelt New deal, so we can say that modern American democracy has only started from the time of the New deal. The proposition of Friedman's view has aroused a lot of heated debate in the field of law and politics, and people pay more attention to the origin and destination of democracy in the United States. At the same time, studying the electoral system in the United States is not only a good starting point for us to explore the true meaning of democracy, but also an important historical reference for the development of China's socialist deliberative democracy, which is conducive to an in-depth understanding of the essential differences between electoral democracy and deliberative democracy. It also helps to break down the superstition of foreign institutions, blindly follow the system, and establish a scientific view of democracy and reform in combination with the experience and practice of our country. Throughout the history of democratic concept development, the pursuit of democratic value can not be separated from tens of thousands of individual practice. This paper aims to explore the differences between the electoral democracy based on the separation of powers and the consultative democracy in China, taking the presidential election system as an example. It is also hoped that through the observation of the legal system of American presidential election and the practice of democracy in our country, we can gain more rational cognition and clarify the real legal and social significance of democracy. The text of this paper (including the introduction) is divided into five parts. The introduction briefly outlines the main theme, writing ideas and writing methods. The first part, the second part, the third part, mainly from the United States to restrict the right to vote, the electoral college system, the campaign political contribution 3) the development change to probe into the American election system evolution, the development tendency in detail. The fourth part mainly analyzes the significance of the American electoral system, reflects on the practice of representative election in China, and clarifies that the democratic system of our country guarantees the status of the people as the main body and protects the individual right to vote. The fundamental advantage of ensuring equal representation. In the aspect of research methods, this paper mainly adopts hermeneutical methods, such as explaining specific concepts in order to express clearly and logically, and adopting comparative research methods, such as comparing the positive and negative aspects of specific disputes and phenomena. It also adopts historical research methods, such as the emergence, development and evolution of the specific system in the presidential election, in order to obtain a more objective cognition in the course of the change and development of things. With regard to the presidential election system in the United States, the United States mainly uses the provisions of the Federal Constitution and the election laws in the federal state constitutions as the connecting points and emphases, mainly including the eligibility restrictions on the right to vote and the rules governing the delineation of electoral districts. Electoral financing limits legislative and judicial developments in three areas.
【学位授予单位】：中共江苏省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D771.2

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