我国代孕生育中亲子关系认定规则研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 11:56

本文选题：代孕 + 亲子关系　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：代孕是指有生育能力的女性借助人类辅助生殖技术为他人怀孕并分娩的行为。代孕生育是指利用代孕这种方式“生育”子女。亲子关系即法律上的父母子女关系。研究代孕生育中亲子关系认定规则是为了解决因代孕引发的法律上的父母子女关系混乱问题。《人类辅助生殖技术管理办法》关于代孕的规定足以表明我国禁止代孕的立法态度,而在代孕违法的背景下,客观现实中却存在不少违法代孕行为,许多人尝试通过代孕“生育”子女。代孕所产子女出生后,其身份认定引发诸多争议。在这些争议中,亲子关系认定的争议最为突出。尽管代孕违法,但违法代孕行为的“结果”——新生儿出生却不能置之不理,相反代孕所产子女作为自然人,应当受到法律的保护。法律保护他们的第一步即是为他们认定法律父母以便对其进行抚养、教育。根据我国现行法律规定,亲子关系主要包括生育中的亲子关系和法律拟制的亲子关系。其中生育中的亲子关系是指因出生这一事实而产生的亲子关系。因代孕产生的亲子关系因为同样有出生的事实,所以归类于生育中的亲子关系。人类辅助生殖技术出现之前,生育就是经过自然受孕而分娩产子,法律母亲以出生这一事实为认定依据,法律父亲以婚生推定形式主义和真实血缘保护主义为认定依据。在人类辅助生殖技术介入之后,分娩与自然受孕行为分离,法律父亲一方最终认定依据由血缘真实转向“同意原则”。代孕虽然借助人类辅助生殖技术,但受术对象是第三方生殖机能健全的女性,所以身份关系认定更为复杂。司法实践中,由于我国关于代孕出生子女身份关系的认定没有特别规则,现有亲子关系认定规则无法解决代孕生育中亲子关系认定存在的特殊、复杂问题,致使这类案件裁判的结果混乱,产生当事人合法权益保护失衡等一系列负面效应。故此,明确代孕生育中亲子关系认定规则尤为重要。理论上关于代孕生育中亲子关系认定的学说有四种,分别为契约说、血缘说、分娩说和子女最佳利益说,每种学说各有利弊。以案例分析、比较学研究分析、实证研究分析等方法进行探讨、论证,得出最适合我国现阶段代孕生育中亲子关系的认定规则。从认定法律母亲的角度而言,以尊重分娩出生客观事实和子女最佳利益的立法理念提出代孕所产子女法律母亲的认定规则,并对该规则加以阐释说明、论证。由法律母亲认定规则的确定进而确认法律父亲的认定规则。依据婚生推定、否认制度等规定,结合婚生推定形式主义与血缘真实主义、子女最佳利益的立法理念来确定代孕所产子女法律父亲的认定规则,并对该规则的内容加以阐释和论证。
[Abstract]:Surrogacy refers to the behavior of a woman who has the ability to conceive and give birth to another person by means of human assisted reproductive technology. Surrogacy refers to the use of surrogate this way to "bear" children. Parenthood is the legal relationship between parents and children. The purpose of studying the rules of parent-child relationship in surrogacy is to solve the legal confusion of parent-child relationship caused by surrogacy. The regulations on surrogacy are sufficient to show the legislative attitude of our country against surrogacy. However, in the background of surrogacy violation, there are many illegal surrogacy behaviors in objective reality, many people try to "bear" children through surrogacy. After the birth of the surrogate child, the identity of the child caused a lot of controversy. In these disputes, paternity is the most prominent dispute. Although surrogacy is illegal, the result of illegal surrogacy is that the birth of newborn cannot be ignored. On the contrary, the child born by surrogate should be protected by law as a natural person. The first step in protecting them by law is to identify legal parents for their upbringing and education. According to the current law of our country, parent-child relationship mainly includes parent-child relationship and legally fictitious parent-child relationship. The parent-child relationship in fertility refers to the parent-child relationship arising from the fact of birth. Parent-child relationships due to surrogacy are classified as parent-child relationships due to the same fact of birth. Before the emergence of human assisted reproductive technology, birth is based on the fact of birth, and legal father on the basis of legal presumption formalism and true blood protectionism. After the intervention of human assisted reproductive technology, the behavior of delivery and natural conception was separated, and the legal father finally decided that the basis was changed from consanguinity to "consent principle". Although surrogacy is assisted by human assisted reproduction technology, the object of surrogacy is a woman with sound reproductive function of third party, so the identification of identity relationship is more complicated. In judicial practice, because there are no special rules on the identification of surrogate children, the existing rules of parent-child identification can not solve the special and complex problems of parent-child relationship in surrogate pregnancy. The result of this kind of cases is confused, and a series of negative effects, such as the imbalance of the protection of the parties' legal rights and interests, are produced. Therefore, it is particularly important to define the rules of paternity in surrogate pregnancy. There are four theories about parent-child relationship in surrogacy in theory, which are contract theory, blood theory, delivery theory and child's best interest theory, each theory has its own advantages and disadvantages. By case analysis, comparative study and empirical analysis, the author discusses and proves that the rules of parent-child relationship are most suitable for the present stage of surrogacy in China. From the point of view of recognizing legal mother, this paper, based on the legislative idea of respecting the objective fact of birth and the best interests of the child, puts forward the recognition rules of the legal mother of the child born to the surrogate, and explains and demonstrates the rule. The confirmation of the rules by the legal mothers and then the confirmation of the rules of the legal fathers. According to the rules of the presumption of legitimate birth and the system of denial, combining with the legislative idea of the presumption of legitimate birth formalism and consanguinity truthfulness and the best interests of the child, this paper determines the rules of the legal father of the child born by surrogate pregnancy. And the content of the rules to explain and demonstrate.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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