农地经营权流转法律促进研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 18:30

本文选题：三权分置 + 土地承包经营权　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：分析当前农地承包经营权流转的现状可以得知,尽管农村土地流转呈递增趋势,但土地流转仍未满足农业适度规模经营的需要;农村土地生产环境呈现承包者与经营者分离的形态,需要调整农地权利关系以激活现有的农地资源。现行关于农村土地承包经营权流转存在现实困境和法律缺陷,导致农地资源未得到最大效用的发挥。为改变现状中央适时出台农地三权分置政策,选择农地所有权、承包权与经营权三权分别设置的改革路径,意图用活农地经营权。在现行农地承包制框架内,需要先取得土地承包经营权后才能对农地进行农业生产。土地承包经营权作为一项用益物权探究其实质内核发现,土地承包经营权应当包含承包权(土地用益物权的取得)与经营权(土地用益物权的行使权利)两部分内容。农地流转的是行使土地用益物权这部分内容,而土地用益物权取得仍是属于承包农户,这部分不涉及流转,也不能发生流转。我们认为,在农地集体所有制下,取得土地用益物权的行使权是农地经营权的前提条件,因为农地经营权形成条件之一是先要取得对土地的用益物权。此外,经营行为是对物进行改造,在具备经营客体(物)这一前提下,还需要经营主体(人的劳动力)条件。这也就是说:开展农业经营生产,经营者要先取得对土地用益物权行使的权利,并且还需要人的劳动力用于安排农业生产与产品处置,如此才能完成整项经营活动。农业经营主体的劳动力是属于自己所有的,经营后的成果归农业经营主体处置,保障劳有所得,促进农业可持续发展。农地经营权有着自身的特殊性有别于其他类型的用益物权,应对农地经营权赋予其涵义以助于引导农地有序流转。现行农村土地制度尚未对农地承包权与农地经营权区别对待,农地经营权内容在法律上还是模糊地带,农地经营权的抵押融资功能受局限,导致土地不能高质量流转。农地经营权与农地承包权是不同的;农地经营权与土地承包经营权二者在社会基础、权利主体范围以及权利内容上存在着差异。在当前农地三权分置改革背景下,应当对农地三权作出立法回应,构建科学合理的具体法律制度来化解当前农地经营权抵押、担保的流转困境。本文在农地三权分置背景下探究农地经营权流转的法律促进,提出要确立农地经营权流转新理念:农地承包权与经营权分置、农地经营权单独流转理念;修订农地经营权流转法律内容,促进农地经营权入股、担保法律制度发展,形成高效农地流转;同时基于农地流转风险防范与实现适度规模经营农业现代化发展的需要构建农地经营权流转相配套机制:建立农地经营权流转交易服务机制,建立农地经营权流转风险保障金机制,完善农地经营权流转后的政府监督机制。
[Abstract]:After analyzing the current situation of farmland contract management right transfer, we can know that although the rural land circulation is increasing, the land circulation still does not meet the needs of moderate scale management of agriculture. The rural land production environment is characterized by the separation of the contractor and the operator, so it is necessary to adjust the relationship of farmland rights in order to activate the existing farmland resources. There are practical difficulties and legal defects in the transfer of rural land contractual management right, which leads to the lack of maximum utility of agricultural land resources. In order to change the present situation, the central government should timely issue the policy of farmland three rights separation, and choose the reform path of farmland ownership, contract right and management right respectively, with the intention of using active farmland management right. Within the framework of the current farmland contract system, we should obtain the land contract management right before we can carry on the agricultural production to the farmland. As a usufruct right, it is found that the land contractual management right should consist of two parts: contracting right (acquisition of land usufruct right) and management right (exercise right of land usufruct right). The transfer of agricultural land is the exercise of land usufruct, and the acquisition of land usufruct is still contracted farmers, this part does not involve circulation, nor can it occur. We believe that under the collective ownership of agricultural land, obtaining the exercise of land usufruct right is the precondition of farmland management right, because one of the forming conditions of farmland management right is to obtain the usufruct right of land first. In addition, the operation behavior is to transform the property, under the premise of having the management object (thing), it also needs the management subject (the human labor force) condition. That is to say, to develop agricultural production, the operator should first obtain the right to exercise the usufruct right of land, and also need the human labor force to arrange the agricultural production and product disposal, so as to complete the whole operation. The labor force of the main body of agricultural management belongs to its own, and the results after operation are disposed of by the main body of agricultural management, which guarantees the income of the workers and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture. The farmland management right has its own particularity, which is different from other types of usufruct right, so it should be endowed with its meaning to help guide the orderly circulation of agricultural land. The current rural land system has not yet differentiated between the farmland contract right and the farmland management right, the content of the farmland management right is still vague in the law, and the mortgage financing function of the farmland management right is limited, resulting in the land cannot be transferred with high quality. The farmland management right and the farmland contract right are different, and the farmland management right and the land contract management right are different in the social foundation, the right subject scope and the right content. Under the background of the reform of the three rights of agricultural land separation, we should make a legislative response to the three rights of agricultural land, and construct a scientific and reasonable legal system to resolve the plight of the circulation of the mortgage and guarantee of the management right of agricultural land at present. This paper probes into the legal promotion of farmland management right transfer under the background of farmland three rights division, and puts forward the new concept of farmland management right transfer: farmland contract right and management right split, farmland management right separate circulation idea; Revising the law content of farmland management right circulation, promoting the farmland management right to enter the stock, guaranteeing the development of legal system, forming the efficient farmland circulation; At the same time, based on the need of preventing the risk of agricultural land circulation and realizing the development of agricultural modernization on a moderate scale, the corresponding mechanism of agricultural land management right transfer should be established: establishing the transaction service mechanism of farmland management right circulation. Establishing the risk guarantee mechanism of farmland management right circulation and perfecting the government supervision mechanism after farmland management right circulation.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32

【参考文献】