单位犯罪刑事责任及处罚研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 20:57

本文选题：单位犯罪 + 刑事责任　；参考：《广东财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着单位违法犯罪现象频发,1979年我国在《刑法中》规定了单位犯罪,新刑法后的修正案也不断的对单位犯罪进行补充和修改,单位犯罪立法也越受重视,刑法学界关于单位犯罪理论问题的讨论也愈激烈。单位犯罪刑事责任是单位犯罪相关理论中重要一环,对单位犯罪刑事责任进行讨论极具理论和实践意义。然而,目前我国刑法学界对于单位犯罪刑事责任问题研究虽然众多,但并没有形成一致观点,尤其是关于单位犯罪刑事责任的依据是什么?单位犯罪应当如何适用刑罚?关于单位犯罪刑事责任及处罚的探讨,对于我国单位犯罪的理论和实践都具有重大价值。本文在参考相关理论资料和立法状况的基础上,试图从刑事责任以及刑事处罚的角度对单位犯罪制度进行探析,并为将来可能的立法完善提出几点建议。全文共分为以下三章:第一章,单位犯罪刑事责任概述。通过对单位犯罪以及刑事责任两者概念的解读,对单位犯罪刑事责任概念下定义。对比自然人犯罪,总结单位犯罪刑事责任具有“法律拟制性”和“双重性”的特征。接着阐述外国单位犯罪刑事责任理论,主要是对英美法系和大陆法系的相关理论进行列举并分析其优缺点。其后列举了我国刑法学界的六种观点,并进行了对比分析,阐述赞同主体复合论的理由。第二章,单位犯罪的刑事处罚制度。分析了现代刑法对单位犯罪的两种主要处罚方式,即单罚制和双罚制,对两者进行对比,并且认为双罚制更加科学和公正。其后探讨了自首、累犯、缓刑及追诉制度在单位犯罪中适用的问题。赞同单位能够成立一般自首,但不能成立特别自首;认为对单位确定累犯制度缺乏必要性,但是不影响对单位直接责任人员的累犯认定;同时建议对单位建立缓刑及追诉制度,并提出理由和具体内容。第三章,完善我国单位处罚制度。建议我国建立适合单位的刑罚体系,以此为基础,并参考其他国家的相关规定。在完善单位处罚制度的内容中,提出以下建议:取消单罚制,对只处罚直接责任人员的规定进行补充,增加对单位的处罚;细化罚金刑内容,增加可操作性;增设资格性,完善对单位处罚手段。最后在对完善单位直接责任人员刑罚制度的建议中,提出我国刑法需要平衡单位犯罪责任人员的主刑适用以及完善直接责任人员的罚金刑。
[Abstract]:With the frequent occurrence of unit crime, in 1979, our country stipulated unit crime in "Criminal Law", and the amendment after the new Criminal Law continuously supplemented and modified the unit crime, and the legislation of unit crime was paid more attention to. The discussion on the theory of unit crime in the field of criminal law is more intense. The criminal liability of unit crime is an important part in the theory of unit crime. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss the criminal liability of unit crime. However, although there are many researches on the criminal liability of unit crime in the criminal law circle of our country at present, there is no consistent view, especially what is the basis of the criminal liability of unit crime? How should the punishment be applied to the unit crime? The discussion on the criminal responsibility and punishment of unit crime is of great value to the theory and practice of unit crime in our country. On the basis of reference to relevant theoretical data and legislative situation, this paper attempts to analyze the system of unit crime from the angle of criminal responsibility and criminal punishment, and puts forward some suggestions for the possible legislative perfection in the future. The full text is divided into the following three chapters: the first chapter, unit crime criminal liability overview. By interpreting the concepts of unit crime and criminal responsibility, this paper defines the concept of unit crime criminal responsibility. Compared with natural person crime, the criminal liability of unit crime has the characteristics of "legal fiction" and "duality". Then it expounds the criminal liability theory of foreign unit crime, mainly enumerates and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the related theories of Anglo-American law system and civil law system. Then it enumerates the six viewpoints of the criminal law circle in our country, and carries on the contrast analysis, elaborates the reason which agrees with the subject compound theory. Chapter two, the criminal punishment system of unit crime. This paper analyzes two main forms of punishment for unit crime in modern criminal law, that is, single penalty system and double penalty system, compares them, and thinks that double penalty system is more scientific and just. Then it discusses the application of surrender, recidivism, probation and prosecution system in unit crime. Agreeing that a unit can establish a general voluntary surrender, but not establishing a special voluntary surrender; considering that it is not necessary to determine the recidivism system for the unit, but not affecting the determination of recidivism to the personnel directly responsible for the unit; and at the same time recommending the establishment of a probation and prosecution system for the unit. And put forward the reasons and specific content. The third chapter, perfect our country unit punishment system. It is suggested that our country should establish a penalty system suitable for the unit, on this basis, and refer to the relevant provisions of other countries. In perfecting the content of unit punishment system, the following suggestions are put forward: to cancel the single penalty system, to supplement the stipulation of punishing only the persons directly responsible, to increase the punishment to the unit, to refine the content of the fine punishment, to increase the maneuverability, to add the qualification, We will improve the means of punishment for units. Finally, in the suggestion of perfecting the penalty system of unit direct responsibility personnel, the author points out that the criminal law of our country needs to balance the application of the principal punishment of the unit criminal responsibility personnel and the perfection of the fine penalty of the direct responsibility personnel.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

【参考文献】