志愿者权益保护若干法律问题思考

发布时间：2018-07-09 14:44

本文选题：志愿者 + 志愿组织　；参考：《复旦大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 志愿服务是指任何人自愿贡献个人时间和精力,在不为物质报酬的提下,为推动人类发展、社会进步和社会福利事业而提供的服务。志愿服务作为一种高尚的社会行为和一项重要的社会公益事业,在弥补我国社会保障,维护社会安全稳定,促进青年社会化,服务经济建设与社会道德构建等方面发挥了积极作用,对于构建社会主义和谐社会,推进人类进步具有重要意义。但是,目前我国志愿者权益保护还面临很多问题,如志愿服务的法制不够健全、志愿服务社会认知度不高、志愿组织建设不够,志愿者与服务对象之间的关系不明确等问题,严重制约着我国志愿服务的发展。本文立足于我国志愿者活动发展现状结合现行行政体制,借鉴国外经验,运用实证分析与规范分析相结合、归纳方法与演绎方法相结合、比较分析法。在总结我国志愿者权益保护现状及问题的基础上,对完善我国志愿者权益保护相关法律制度提出一些构想。本文除引言外,共分为四章和结语。引言部分主要提出论文研究的背景和意义。开篇提出了本文研究的背景,然后论述了在目前情况下,针对我国目前志愿者权益保护存在问题提出对策的必要性。第一章是主要分析我国志愿者权益保护现状及存在的问题。通过比较国外在志愿者保护现状及成功经验的梳理和分析,指出了我国目前在志愿者权益保护方面存在的问题:第一,缺乏可操作性的法律法规;第二,志愿者与服务对象之间的关系不明确,志愿者权利不够具体;第三,志愿者权利救济方面缺乏必要的物质保障;第四,社会上对志愿者不理解、不支持的现象比较严重。第五,志愿者组织缺乏对志愿者权益保护意识。本章通过和国外成熟的志愿者权益保护对比提出我国志愿者权益保护存在的问题,为后面部分的论述提供对策方向。第二章针对我国志愿者权益保护存在的问题,从法理学的角度对我国志愿服务活动的的法律属性进行分析。为后面章节的提出具体的对策提供了法理的依据。在本章中,首先论述了志愿服务的法律特征,法律构成要件。然后对志愿服务的主体志愿者及志愿者组织进行法律定位分析。最后对志愿服务的法律关系进行了分析,主要包括志愿者与志愿者组织的法律关系,志愿者与服务对象的法律关系以及志愿者与服务对象以外人的法律关系。第三章主要针对我国志愿者权益保护存在的立法问题进行分析,针对我国目前志愿服务立法松散,统一性不强等特点进行分析,并提出相应的立法建议。首先,从目前我国关于志愿者立法的现状依据据目前国内22个省市的关于志愿服务的地方性立法,对志愿者立法的框架进行归纳分析。其次,针对国内立法的归纳分析,从立法理论进行评析。最后,依据以上的志愿服务法理分析,针对国内目前立法体例并借鉴国外成功经验提出立法对策和建议。第四章主要针对第一章分析的志愿者权益保护问题除立法之外的问题进行归类提出对策。首先,借鉴国外的实践经验,倡导津贴志愿者,完善志愿者激励法律制度。其次,针对志愿者组织对志愿者权益保护意识不够,提出应完善志愿者组织相关法律制度。最后,针对志愿者权益物质保障不充分,建议把志愿服务纳入社会保障体系,完善志愿者的人身保险制度。在结语部分,对全文的论述作了简短的总结,提出我国应当加强我国志愿者权益保护相关法律制度的建设。
[Abstract]:Voluntary service refers to any person who voluntarily contributes to personal time and energy and provides services for the promotion of human development, social progress and social welfare without material remuneration. Volunteering serves as a noble social behavior and an important social public welfare undertaking to make up for our social security and maintain social security and stability. It has played an active role in promoting the socialization of youth, serving economic construction and building social morality. It is of great significance for building a socialist harmonious society and promoting human progress. However, the protection of the rights and interests of volunteers in our country is still faced with many problems, such as the lack of sound legal system and the social awareness of voluntary service. High, voluntary organization construction is not enough, the relationship between volunteers and service objects is not clear and so on, which seriously restricts the development of voluntary service in China. This article is based on the present situation of the development of volunteer activities in China, combining with the current administrative system, drawing on the experience of foreign countries, combining empirical analysis with normative analysis, and summarizing the methods and deductive methods. On the basis of summarizing the status and problems of the protection of the volunteers' rights and interests in China, some ideas are put forward to improve the legal system of the protection of the rights and interests of volunteers in our country.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four chapters and conclusion.
In the introduction, the background and significance of the research are put forward. The background of this paper is put forward, and then the necessity of putting forward the countermeasures against the present problems of the protection of the rights and interests of volunteers in our country is discussed.
The first chapter is the main analysis of the status and existing problems of the protection of volunteers' rights and interests in China. Through the comparison of the status and the successful experience of the volunteer protection in foreign countries, this paper points out the existing problems in the protection of volunteers' rights and interests in our country: first, the lack of operable laws and regulations; second, between the volunteers and the service objects. The relationship is not clear, the volunteers' rights are not specific enough; third, the volunteer rights relief is lack of necessary material security; fourth, the social volunteers do not understand, and the non support phenomenon is more serious. Fifth, the volunteer organization lacks the awareness of the protection of the volunteers' rights and interests. This chapter compares with the protection of the mature volunteers' rights and interests abroad. The problems existing in the protection of volunteers' rights and interests in China will provide some countermeasures for the later discussion.
The second chapter, in view of the problems existing in the protection of the rights and interests of volunteers in China, analyzes the legal attributes of voluntary service activities in our country from the perspective of jurisprudence. It provides a legal basis for the specific countermeasures of the later chapters. In this chapter, the legal characteristics of voluntary service, the constitutive requirements of the law, and the voluntary service are first discussed. The legal relationship between the volunteers and the volunteer organizations was analyzed. Finally, the legal relationship of volunteer service was analyzed, including the legal relationship between volunteers and volunteer organizations, the legal relationship between volunteers and service objects, and the legal relationship between volunteers and people outside the service object.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the legislative issues of the protection of volunteers' rights and interests in China, analyzes the characteristics of our country's current voluntary service legislation loose and ununified, and puts forward the corresponding legislative proposals. First, the present situation of the volunteer legislation in China is based on the voluntary service in 22 provinces and cities at present. Local legislation, the framework of the voluntary legislation is summarized and analyzed. Secondly, in view of the induction and analysis of domestic legislation, it is evaluated from the legislative theory. Finally, according to the analysis of the legal theory of voluntary service above, the legislative measures and suggestions are put forward in view of the current legislative body in China and the successful experience of foreign countries.
The fourth chapter mainly aims at the problem of the protection of volunteers' rights and interests analysis in the first chapter, and puts forward the Countermeasures in addition to the problems other than the legislation. First, draw on the practice experience of foreign countries, advocate the subsidy volunteers and improve the volunteer incentive legal system. Secondly, the volunteer organization should improve the volunteers' rights and interests protection, and propose to perfect the volunteer group. In the end, it is suggested that voluntary service should be incorporated into the social security system in order to improve the personal insurance system of volunteers.
In the concluding part, a brief summary of the full text is made, and it is suggested that China should strengthen the construction of relevant legal system for the protection of the rights and interests of volunteers in China.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.182.1

【引证文献】