我国政府信息不予公开规则研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 06:57

【摘要】：“以公开为原则,不公开为例外”是信息公开制度的立法宗旨,它指导了我们:只有正确界定了不予公开信息的边界,才能清楚知悉公开信息的范围。因此,政府信息公开研究的关键之处在于信息不予公开的边界和内容。然而在理论探讨和实践操作中,不予公开规则往往会被许多人忽视,其概念、具体内容、救济制度模糊不清,给了行政机关过大的自由裁量空间,缩减了公民知情权的保障力度。本文首先运用文献研究法,在讨论保障人权理论和公共利益优先理论的层面上,对政府信息不予公开等概念的进行定义,确立了论证的理论基础;随后以法律位阶为分类依据,对政府信息不予公开规则的立法进行整理和分析,将不予公开事项进行类型划定,厘清政府信息不予公开规则的立法现状,从而归纳出不予公开规范的缺陷;然后运用比较分析法,选取美国和日本的政府信息不予公开规则进行对比,美日两国作为英美法系和大陆法系的代表国家,在政府信息公开制度方面有成熟的制度设计,本文通过列举法总结出两国在政府信息不予公开规则上的亮点,以期从国外成熟的立法规则中吸取经验,为完善国内制度提供思路;文章最后提出完善国内相关制度的立法建议,包括将“以公开为原则,不公开为例外”写入宪法、制定《政府信息公开法》、修订保密法与档案法等,以期对我国政府信息不予公开规则的完善有所帮助。本文最主要的创新点是从政府信息不予公开的角度来研究政府信息公开的边界范围,比起主流研究是从公开与不公开的价值判断研究出发,本文着重于对现有具体制度的分析与评价,通过对各类不予公开事项的适用条件和限制条件的梳理,来明确公开与不公开的界限,填补现有制度的缺陷,提出立法完善建议。
[Abstract]:"Publicity as the principle, non-publicity as the exception" is the legislative purpose of the information disclosure system, which guides us: only by correctly defining the boundaries of non-publicity information, can we clearly know the scope of open information. In practice, the rule of non-disclosure is often neglected by many people. Its concept, specific content and relief system are vague, giving administrative organs too much discretion and reducing the protection of citizens'right to know. This paper defines the concept of non-disclosure of government information and establishes the theoretical basis for demonstration; then, based on the classification of legal rank, it collates and analyzes the legislation of non-disclosure of government information, classifies the non-disclosure of government information, clarifies the legislative status quo of the non-disclosure of government information, and concludes the non-disclosure of government information. Secondly, by using the comparative analysis method, this paper compares the rules of non-disclosure of government information between the United States and Japan. As the representative countries of the common law system and the continental law system, the United States and Japan have a mature system design in the system of government information disclosure. The highlights of the rules are expected to draw experience from the mature foreign legislative rules and provide ideas for the improvement of the domestic system. Finally, the article puts forward legislative proposals for the improvement of the relevant domestic systems, including the inclusion of "the principle of openness, the exception of non-openness" in the Constitution, the enactment of the "Law on the Opening of Government Information" and the revision of the Secret Law and the Archives Law, etc., with a view to correcting them. The main innovation of this paper is to study the boundaries of government information disclosure from the perspective of government information non-disclosure. Compared with the mainstream research, this paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the existing specific system through the study of the value judgment of openness and non-openness. To clarify the boundaries between publicity and non-publicity, to fill in the defects of the existing system, and to put forward suggestions for legislative improvement.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D921

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